Role of Speakers

So, debating is.... Reason-giving, Decision-making Not fighting, not oratory, not English proficiency Persuasion

So, roles are... A way to achieve the principles of debate A guide, not rules Persuasion Not a challenge of fact, pure comparison, but persuading a live audience

The role of a speaker is to speak

In Debating, speakers should... Engage Each speaker must engage the speaker before them. Do not avoid the major arguments or main issues of the debate. Offer and accept POIs Be responsible/strategic Defend your team and main arguments Be dynamic Be ready to change. All the time.

Basic speech structure Opening – Grab attention, set the tone, framing 1. Outline – preview of contents 1. Content – rebuttals/arguments/model 1. Summary – emphasize contributions 1. Closing – last impression

Basic speech structure Opening – “I am proud to be here to defend the right of children to build a better future for themselves!” 1. Outline – “I will explain why the right to vote is absolutely necessary and fair in a democratic context. My teammate will discuss economics” 1. Content – “Definition... My first argument.... this example shows... Yes I will take your Point... our second argument...in summary..” 1. Summary – “Today I’ve shown you why the right of children to vote is necessary and fair. It’s the only thing that gives.... and it also... “ 1. Closing – “Any government that cares for it’s people must care for their future. And we believe the children are the future”

Some general tips 1. Guide judges – show the impact of what you are saying “ This is important because...” “ My previous speaker developed this, they didn’t respond to it, it’s a problem because....” “ They didn’t show the link between this, and this means...” 2. Clear transitions – when moving from one part of your speech to another, indicate to judges “ Now that I have rebutted their two arguments, I am going to develop my positive matter..” “..and this proves that it will cause a backlash. Now to my second argument, which is..” 3. Summarize contributions – use summaries to emphasize your contributions and clear up messy speeches “ So in my speech I showed you two things, A... and B...” “ Our team has clearly argued this..... and they still haven’t shown...”

Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister Leader of the Opposition Deputy Leader of the Opposition Member of Government Government Whip Member of Opposition Opposition Whip

1 st Speaker of the Opening Proposition 2 nd Speaker of the Opening Proposition 1 st Speaker of the Closing Proposition 2 nd Speaker of the Closing Proposition 1 st Speaker of the Opening Opposition 2 nd Speaker of the Opening Opposition 1 st Speaker of the Closing Opposition 2 nd Speaker of the Closing Opposition

Prime Minister Should define and create the framework for the debate Should present the arguments central to the case of the opening government Should be bold, brave, clear, memorable

Leader of the Opposition Should establish the major clash from the Opposition Should rebut the major arguments of the Prime Minister Should present the arguments central to the case of the opening Opposition Should be bold, dynamic, energetic Tip – make concessions, create a clear clash, focus on big issues that will remain relevant in closing half

Deputy Prime Minister Should engage the case provided by the Leader of Opposition. Last speaker from OG who can rebut OO, if you don’t CG will steal your glory! Defend your Prime Minister Develop additional arguments Summarize Opening Government – you are the last speaker of your team Strategy – take a POI from the Closing Opposition to start engaging them. It might help you stay relevant in the closing half

Deputy Leader of the Opposition Should engage the case provided by the Opening Government and DPM’s arguments. Defend your teammate Develop additional arguments Summarize Opening Half – position Opening Opposition strategically Strategy – take a POI from the Closing Gov to start engaging them. They might expose their extension at this point

Member of Government/Opposition Engage previous speaker - DLO - MG Develop your extension Defend your opening team Strategy – a quick summary of the opening half will help show the relevance and uniqueness of your extension Use POIs to create an extension or opening

Government Whip Must take out Extension of Closing Opposition. Or attack lack of one. You are the only person in your team who can do this. Rebut and destroy! Attack main issues of clash, not the time to develop new ideas. Go for the bench or closing half or diagonal depending on how you summarize and engage teams. Summarize and show contributions of Closing Government. Defend your extension, make it gold.

Opposition Whip Last speaker of the debate, try to take a holistic big picture view of the debate. Defend your extension. Strategically summarize and engage issues in the debate, to keep your team and your extension in the top two teams of the debate. Rebut and destroy! Attack main issues of clash, not the time to develop new ideas.

Opening Definition and Setup Arguments Summary and Closing Opening Response to Motion Rebuttals Summary and Closing Arguments Prime Minister Leader of the Opposition

Opening Defend Team Rebuttals Summary and Closing Deputy Prime Minister Deputy Leader of the Opposition Positive Contribution Arguments Opening Defend Team Rebuttals Summary and Closing Positive Contribution Arguments

Opening Summarize Opening Summary and Closing Member of Government Member of Opposition Respond to OO Provide Extension Opening Summarize Opening Summary and Closing Respond to CG and to to a lesser extent OG Provide Extension

Opening Defend your extension Summary and Closing Government Whip Opposition Whip Respond to CO extension Rebut ideas and major clash point of debate Opening Defend your extension Summary and Closing Respond to CO extension Rebut ideas and major clash point of debate

The role of a speaker is to....? entertain persuade argue refute offer POIs defend be passionate summarize preview listen accept POIs frame engage....within 7 minutes...

The role of a speaker is to....?....speak with purpose