CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining Your PC By: JEAN ANDREW Computer Maintenance Chapter 4: Component – Part 1: The Motherboard

Copyright © CIST 2 Objectives After you have completed this lesson, you will be able to: Identify different types of motherboards and how to select one Support and configure a motherboard Install or replace a motherboard Troubleshoot a motherboard and processor

Copyright © CIST 3 Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: –Selecting a motherboard –Configuring and supporting a motherboard –Replacing a motherboard –Troubleshooting the motherboard and processor

Selecting a motherboard Copyright © CIST 4

Selecting a motherboard Copyright © CIST 5

Selecting a motherboard Copyright © CIST 6

Selecting a motherboard Copyright © CIST 7 Socket 775

Selecting a motherboard Copyright © CIST 8

Selecting a motherboard Copyright © CIST 9

Selecting a motherboard When selecting motherboard, consider: –Form Factor, Manufacturer –Number, types and speed of processor you can use –What are the supported frequencies of the system bus –What chip set and BIOS does the board use? –Memory cache type and size –Types and number of expansion slots –Types and number of memory does the board support –What hard drive controller and connector are on the board –Type of case, Warranty, Port and connector –Embedded sound, video, and LAN, USB, FireWire Copyright © CIST 10

Selecting a motherboard Copyright © CIST 11

Copyright © CIST 12 Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: –Selecting a motherboard –Configuring and supporting a motherboard –Replacing a motherboard –Troubleshooting the motherboard and processor

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Buses and expansion slots –What a buses does carry four kinds of cargo:  Electrical power  Control Signal  Memory addresses  Data –Bus Evolution  The system clock keep the beat for component  Expansion bus: doe not run in sync with the system clock  Local bus: bus that run in sync with the system clock  Local I/O bus: local bus connect to slower I/O controller hub  Local video bus: bus connect to the north chipset Copyright © CIST 13

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Copyright © CIST 14

Configuring and Supporting a mother board The PCI Buses Introduced by Intel in 1991 to replace ISA –Conventional PCI  32-bit data path  Supplied 5 V of power to an expansion card  33 MHz, first bus that allowed expansion cards to run in sync  PCI Version 2.x introduced the 64-bit, 3.3 v PCI slot –PCI-X  Backward compatible with conventional PCI  Target to server market, increase bandwidth, data integrity  32-bit or 64-bits –PCI Express (PCIe)  Doe s not backward compatible with PCI and PCI-x  Intended to replace PCI, PCI-x, and AGP  User serial bus Copyright © CIST 15

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Copyright © CIST 16

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Copyright © CIST 17

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Copyright © CIST 18

Configuring and Supporting a mother board On-board ports, connectors, and riser slots Copyright © CIST 19

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Copyright © CIST 20

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Hardware Configuration –Setup data stored by DIP switches  Dual Inline package (DIP) switch used to store setup data  A DIP switch has an ON position and an OFF position  ON represent binary 1, OFF represent binary 0 –Setup data stored by Jumpers  A motherboard can also retain setup or information in different settings of jumpers on the board.  Motherboard can also retain setup or installation information in different settings of jumpers on the board. Copyright © CIST 21

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Copyright © CIST 22

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Hardware Configuration –Setup data stored in CMOS RAM Copyright © CIST 23

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Copyright © CIST 24

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Protecting document and configurations settings use shareware utility to record CMOS setting 1.Access Internet use search engine to fine cmos.zip ( m and mwww.computerhop.com/download.htm 2.Download cmos.zip and unzip the compress file 3.Double-click the Cmos.exe it will show current content of CMOS memory in a DOS box 4.Enter S (for save) at the command line. Enter the drive letter of your floppy drive and a filename to save the current CMOS settings to floppy disk. (A:MYCMOS 5.Enter Q to quit the program Copyright © CIST 25

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Flashing ROM BIOS –Look on the CMO setup main screen for the BIOS manufacturer and version number –Look on the motherboard for the brand and model –Use third-party software(such as BIOS Agent at or OS utility (System Infor.) to find –Stop the boot process and look for the BIOS information –Carefully read the motherboard documentation –Generally you perform these tasks to upgrade BIOS:  Download the BIOS upgrade  Set jumper on the motherboard, or change a setting in CMOS  Boot from floppy disk and follow the options to upgrade BIOS  Set the jumper back to its original setting, reboot and verify that all is working Copyright © CIST 26

Configuring and Supporting a mother board Copyright © CIST 27

Copyright © CIST 28 Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: –Selecting a motherboard –Configuring and supporting a motherboard –Replacing a motherboard –Troubleshooting the motherboard and processor

Replacing a Motherboard 1. Verify that you have selected the right mother board to install in the system 2. Determine proper configuration setting for the motherboard 3. Remove components so you can reach the old motherboard 4. Set any jumpers or switches on the new motherboard 5. Install the processor and processor cooler 6. Install RAM into the appropriate slots 7. Install the motherboard Copyright © CIST 29

Replacing a Motherboard 8. Attach cabling that goes from the case switches to the motherboard, and from the power supply and drives to the motherboard 9. Install the video card on the motherboard 10. Plug the computer into a power source, and attach the monitor and keyboard 11. Boot the system and enter CMOS setup 12. Make sure setting are set to the default 13. Observe POST and verify that no errors occur 14. Check for conflicts with system resources 15. Install the motherboard drivers 16. Install any other expansion card and drivers Copyright © CIST 30

Copyright © CIST 31 Scenario In this chapter, you will learn: –Selecting a motherboard –Configuring and supporting a motherboard –Replacing a motherboard –Troubleshooting the motherboard and processor

Troubleshooting the Motherboard Items that can be changed without returning the motherboard to the factory are call FRUs On older AT motherboards, these FRU components were CPU, RAM, RAM cache, ROM BIOS chip, and CMOS battery On newer motherboard, these FRU components are the processor, RAM, and CMOS battery If some component is not working, such as network port, you might disable it in CMOS setup When troubleshooting the motherboard, use whatever clue POST can give you. Copyright © CIST 32

Troubleshooting the Motherboard Problem with installations If you have just installed a new processor on a working motherboard and the system does not boot, do following: 1.Opens the case and check these things:  Did you install thermal paste between CPU and heat sink?  Is the cooler securely fastened to the frame on the motherboard?  Remove the processor from its socket and look for bent pins 2.Reinstall the processor and try the boot again 3.Reinstall the old processor, flashing BIOS, and then try the new processor again Copyright © CIST 33

Troubleshooting the Motherboard Problem with installations If you have just installed a new motherboard that is not working, check the following: –Have you installed the front cover on the case? –Is there a power switch on the back of case not turn on? –Check documentation and verify all connections are correct –Verify the processor, thermal compound, and cooler –Remove RAM and reinstall the modules –Verify a standoff that is not being used by the motherboard is not under the motherboard –Is the system can boot into Windows, install all drivers –Check the motherboard Web site for other things you can check or try Copyright © CIST 34

Troubleshooting the Motherboard Problem with the motherboard and processor Symptoms that a motherboard or processor is failing : –The system begins to boot but then power down –An error message displays during the boot. Investigating this message –The system becomes unstable, hangs, or freezes at odd times –Intermittent Windows or hard drive error occur –Components on the motherboard or devices connected to it don’t work If some components are not working, try updating its drivers. If this doesn’t solve the problem, try the following:  A power-saving feature might be the source of the problem Copyright © CIST 35

Troubleshooting the Motherboard  If the fan is running, reseat or replace the processor, BIOS, or RAM. Try to install DIMM in different slots  Sometimes a dead computer can be fixed by simply disassembling it and assembling it back  Check jumpers, DIP switches, and CMOS settings  Look for physical damage on the motherboard  Check CMOS for a temperature  Flash BIOS  A dead or dying battery may cause problems  Remove any unnecessary  Exchange the processor  If an onboard component isn’t work but the motherboard is stable, go into CMOS setup and disable the component  Exchange the motherboard Copyright © CIST 36

Troubleshooting the Motherboard Copyright © CIST 37

Copyright © CIST 38 Summary Motherboard is the main board in the computer, also called the system board. The CPU, ROM chips, SIMMs, DIMMs, RIMMs, and interface cards are plugged into the motherboard. A bus is a path on the motherboard that carries electrical power, control signals, memory addresses, and data to different components. Some outdated buses are the 16-bit ISA, 32-bit MCA and EISA buses, and VESA bus. Current buses are PCI bus, AGP bus, and PCI Express. A local bus runs in sync with the system clock and designed to allow fast devices connect to CPU

Copyright © CIST 39 Summary The most common method of configuring components on a motherboard is CMOS setup. ROM chips contain the programming code to manage POST and the system BIOS and change CMOS settings. Sometimes ROM BIOS programming stored on the firmware chip needs updating or refreshing. This process is call flashing BIOS. When installing a motherboard, first study the motherboard and set jumpers and DIP switches on the board.

Copyright © CIST 40 QUIZ – choose the correct answer How many power cords connect to a Baby AT motherboard? What is the name of the one power connector on the ATX motherboard form factors? - P1 - P8 - P9- P2 What is the lasted motherboard form factor? - ATX- NLX - BTX- Enhanced ATX

Copyright © CIST 41 Question Questions? Video of chapter 6/20 (reference on the guide ‘Managing & maintaining your PC’) 1. Motherboard installation 2. Installing a motherboard 3. Configuring a Motherboard and now it’s time to practice