Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Qualitative and Quantitative Qualitative property: an observation that is described without measurements. Ex. Quantitative property: an observation that involves a measured value (a number and a unit). Ex.

Physical Properties A property that can be observed without a chemical reaction of the substance.

Physical Properties - Qualitative 1.Colour- Ex. 2.Odour- Ex. 3.State- Ex. 4.Ductility- the ability of a substance to be stretched into a thin wire. Ex.

Physical Properties - Qualitative 5. Lustre- the way in which a substance reflects light (ie. how shiny it is) Ex. 6. Malleability- the degree to which a substance can be bent. (ie. Malleable vs. brittle) Ex.

Physical Properties - Quantitative 1. Viscosity- the resistance of a fluid to flow Ex. 2. Melting and boiling points- temperature at which state changes occur Ex. 3. Solubility- the amount a substance can dissolve into another substance. Ex.

4. Hardness- ability to resist being scratched Ex. 5. Conductivity- ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat Ex. 6. Density- amount of mass in a given volume of a substance Ex. Density of water is 1.0 g/mL Physical Properties - Quantitative

Chemical Properties A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to react with another substance to form a new substance.

Examples of Chemical properties… 1) Reactivity with other substances Eg. Reactivity with water Ex. Potassium metal is highly reactive with water Eg. Reactivity with acids Ex. Baking soda reacts with vinegar

2) Combustibility is the ability of a substance to burn. Ex. Helium does not burn while hydrogen burns explosively. Examples of Chemical properties…

3.Stability and Toxicity The stability of a substance refers to how easily the substance breaks down (ie. decomposes). Ex. Arsenic is toxic to humans