Chapter - 3 Satisfaction of Human wants and Division of Labour

What are Human wants? In the words of pearson”Want is an effective desire for particular things which express itself in the efforts or sacrifice necessary to obtain them”

Pearson suggests four stages of wants Scarcity of a thing Desire to get the scarce thing Sufficient amount of money to satisfy a desire Readiness to spend money in order to satisfy the desire.

Wants and Desires A desire refers to a wish to have something, but a want is an effective desire which could be satisfied by using a commodity. Every desire is not a want. A person may desire to own a car, but many lack money to buy it. The desire would become a want if a person has resources to satisfy it.

Features of Human wants Unlimited Satiable Repetitive Urgency Variable (vary with age ocuupation Priority\competitiveness Complementary(dress with shoes) Satisfaction through alternatives Habit Social customs and rituals

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN WANTS NECESSARIES COMFORTS LUXURIES

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN WANTS NECESSARIES; It includes basic wants which are essential for living and maintaining efficiently of work. Food,clothing,shelter,health care and educational facilities are generally regarded as necessaries. Necessaries may further be classified as; a) necessaries of existence b) necessaries of efficiency c) conventional necessaries

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN WANTS Necessaries of existence; These are goods without which existence of life is not possible. Food,clothing etc Necessaries of efficiency ; These are goods which are required to make us efficient. The use of a study table and a chair may help a student to read and write easily. Conventional necessaries; These are goods which have become necessaries by force of social custom and rituals.eg: wearing of new clothes on the occasion of festivals like onam,deepawali etc..

Comforts Wants for comforts arise after necessaries are made available.eg:people require room coolers orA.C in summer. such comforts are expected to increase the efficiency and standard of living of the people

Luxuries These are objects that are desired for pleasure. They are not necessaries of life; one can do without luxuries as they are superfluous. Decorated office primises,mobilephone with F.M, camera, etc,diamond jewelers etc…

Interrelation between Necessaries, comforts and Luxuries DEBATE AND DISCUSSION BETWEEN YUVRAJ AND ARAVIND AS TWO GROUP

DIVISION OF LABOUR Division of Labour refers to dividing and sub dividing the production process into several tasks which can be performed competently by different employees or groups

specialisation It is said to be the essence of the concept of Division of labour. It leads to development of specialised skills among the employees and improvement of overall efficiency. It increases speed, quality and skills in the performance of the work. The fatigue can be reduced and earnings is increased because of higher productivity.

Geographical specialisation Specialisations in region wise M.R & Gujarat is suitable for cotton plants. Stages in Geographical specialisation Specialisation in craft or Trade Specialisation in specific processes of production Territorial specialisation International Division of labour

Advantages of division of Labour and specialisation Higher productivity Economy Work simplification and product standardisation Reduced need of training Innovation Spirit of cooperation Increased goodwill

Disadvantages of division of labour Monotony and boredom Risky procedure Difficulty in fixing responsibility Lack of feeling of achievement Limited demand.

Localisation of industries Concentration of industrial units in a particular region or area. There is a tendency for industries to concentrate in certain areas. Sometimes centres of labour supply attract industrial units.

Causes of Localisation Availability of raw materials Availability of skilled labour Transport and communication Nearness of market Types of industries already functioning in the same area Law and order Special advantages offered by govt Traffic Sez etc…

Effects of localisation of labour Specialisation is possible through division of labour High labour turn over Employment opportunities Social adjustment Geographical environment Housing problem Political factors Monetary cost of movement and increased cost of Living.