What is Judaism? World History Spring 2009.

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Presentation transcript:

What is Judaism? World History Spring 2009

Judaism is… A 4,000 year old monotheistic (believing in one god) religion based upon the Old Testament. Key Terms: Judaism = the religion Jew/s = the person/people Jewish = adjective form

As a faith, Jews believe… In one God, creator of the universe In prophets of old – especially Moses, through whom Torah was revealed to the Hebrew people In Torah (first five books of the Bible), containing religious, moral and social law which guides the life of a Jew Note: the Hebrew Bible does not include the New Testament

How is Judaism related to Christianity? Judaism pre-dates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it Jesus was Jewish, as were his followers and the Apostles Jews do not believe that Jesus was anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago – Jews still await their messiah The Jewish messiah would not be divine. He would be a political figure who causes peace on Earth Jews are not concerned about salvation and the “world to come”

What are Jews really concerned about? Tikkun Olam - “repairing this world” through justice and righteousness; through “deed, not creed” The heart of Judaism is in the home and family, social responsibility and doing Mitzvot (“good deeds” based on God’s commandments)

As a way of life, Judaism is based on… 613 commandments found in Torah (“Written Law”) Talmud (“Oral Law”) – commentary of ancient rabbis that elaborates on how to apply God’s Law in everyday life through: Dietary rules (Kashrut/Kosher) Dress and other symbols Prayer and devotion to the one God The Temple and Temple rituals Observance of Holy days Proper social relations between male and female, in business, judicial rulings, etc.

As a people, Jews are… A nation in Diaspora (dispersed) 15 – 16 million in worldwide population United by a common heritage (an “ethnic” religion), divided in how they practice their faith: Orthodox: Modern Hasidic Reformed (18th century Germany) Conservative – moderates, developed in response to Reform (between Orthodox and Reform)