Earth History GEOL 2110 The Cryptozoic (Precambrian) SuperEon Part 2: The Paleoproterozoic Era.

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Presentation transcript:

Earth History GEOL 2110 The Cryptozoic (Precambrian) SuperEon Part 2: The Paleoproterozoic Era

Major Concepts After the formation of the Archean continental landmass (Kenoraland), Minnesota lay at a passive margin where sedimentary rocks accumulated including Snowball Earth tillites and the great Lake Superior banded iron formations. These sedimentary rocks were deformed ~1.85 Ga by the collision of volcanic arc terrane with Kenoraland, an event called the Penokean orogeny. This event sutured several Archean terrains together to form a larger continent called Laurentia. Laurentia continued grow in the Paleoproterozic by adding more terrains to the south at 1.7Ga (Yavapi orogen) and 1.6Ga (Mazatzal orogen).

Today’sLecture Kenoraland

Paleoproterozoic Rocks of Minnesota Sedimentary rock accumulated in the Animikie Sea then deformed in the Penokean Orogeny

Creating the Animikie Basin by Continental Rifting

Animikie Group Menominee Group Huronian Supergroup Archean Paleoproterozoic Sedimentary Rocks of the Lake Superior Region

Huronian Supergroup Sedimentary Rocks U-bearing Matinenda Fm Carbonates of the Espanola Fm Gowganda Fm Ramsey Lake Fm Bruce Fm TILLITES

Limestone Tillite Paul Hoffman

MESABI-TYPE IRON FORMATION Geologic Marker of a Major Evolutionary Event

STROMATOLITES (Fossilized Algal Mats) Evidence of Early Life

The 1.85 Ga Sudbury Impact The First Major Extinction Event ??

Paleoproterozoic Iron Ranges of the Lake Superior Region Ishpeming, MI Hibbing, MN

Rocheleau Pit Dunka Pit Peter Mitchell Pit

Progressive Deformation across the Penokean Orogen Eveleth – Flat-lying Biwabik Fe-Fm St. Cloud – Granite intrusions Jay Cooke Park – Deformed Thomson Fm

EvelethJay Cooke St. Cloud

Volcanic Arc Continental Shelf Suture –Niagara Fault

DENUDATION OF A MOUNTAIN BELT

Sioux Flambeau Baraboo Rib Mtn SIOUX QUARTZITE ~1.7 Ga Mature Sandstone Blue Mounds State Park Pipestone National Monument

More Paleoproterzoic Mountain-building Events Yavapai Orogeny: Ma Mazatzal Orogeny: Ma Holm et al., 2007

Summary of Paleoproterozoic Tectonic Events in the Upper Midwest Holm et al., 2007

PALEOPROTEROZOIC ACCRETED TERRANES Creation and Growth of LAURENTIA

Next Lecture The Final Chapter of the Precambrian The Meso- and NeoProterozoic