ASER Pakistan A citizen led initiative Azad Jammu and Kashmir Launch February 7, 2013

ASER PAKISTAN Citizen led large scale national household survey (3-16) Quality of education in rural and some urban areas (5-16) Seeks to provide evidence on learning and access gaps Influence National & Provincial policy and actions for RTE. Provides information for tracking trends and MDG/EFA Targets up to 2015 Influence Goal Setting for Post-2015 Agenda

Section I: Scale of Survey

ASER 2012 – SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION - 10 Districts Households - 15,261 Children Schools

Section II: Access (Schooling)

ASER Survey Sheets

Neelam has the highest number of out-of-school children % Children who attend different types of pre-schools Age group Govt. Non-state providers Out-of- school Total Pvt.MadrasahOthers Total By type Pre-School Enrollment (3-5 Years) – Rural

Enrollment (6-16 years)  93% of 6-16 year olds in rural districts are enrolled in schools.  64% are enrolled in Govt. schools. % Children in different types of schools% Out-of-school Total Age group Govt. Non-state providers Never enrolled Drop- out Pvt.MadrasahOthers Total By type Highest drop-outs between age bracket (14-16)

Out-of-School children (6-16) Bagh, Sodhnoti and Bhimber have the lowest number of out-of-school children (6-16)

Gender Comparison: Out of School Children (6-16 years)  Girl enrollment lags behind boy enrollment in both Government and Private schools  The percentage of out-of-school boys and girls decreased to 4% in 2012

Section III: Quality

ASER Pakistan Assessment Tools Grade II ASER Assessment tools are prepared in following Categories Reading  Urdu  Sindhi  Pashto Arithmetic abilities English

Learning Levels – Urdu 7% Learning levels (URDU) for AJK class 5 have increased by 7% since 2011 Overall, learning levels (Urdu) improved from last year  Despite improvement since 2011, 35% children in Class 5 cannot read Class 2 Urdu Story.

Learning Levels (Class 5): Urdu/Sindhi/Pashto

Learning Levels - English 2% Learning levels (English) for AJK Class 5 have decreased by 2% since 2011  Only 58% of Class 5 students in AJK can read a Class 2 level English sentence in 2012.

g Learning Levels (Class 5): English

Learning Levels - Arithmetic Learning levels (Arithmetic) for AJK for class 5 have remained same since 2011  Only 44% of Class 5 students can do Class 2 Division.

Learning Levels (Class 5): Arithmetic

Learning levels – Gender Comparison (5-16)  In all three categories, girls marginally lag behind boys in learning levels. Overall, learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.

Learning Levels – Out-of-School Children (5-16)  Even Out-of-School children were Tested: Modest percentage of out-of-school children are at beginner level in all three categories.

Learning levels Public vs. Private (5-16 boys and girls) 49% of Class 5 students in Private school can do division compared to 42% students in Government schools Private school students are performing better than Government school students.

There is highest incidence of tuition in Class 10 students in Private schools with 29% Additional learning support – Paid Tuition  9% Government and 20% Private enrolled children take paid tuitions in AJK. Paid private tuition trend is higher in Private schools. Class-wise % children attending paid tuition Type IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXX Govt Pvt

Section IV: School Attendance & Facilities

Attendance (%) on the day of visit Government schoolsPrivate schools PrimaryElementaryHighOthersOverallPrimaryElementaryHighOthersOverall Children attendance Teacher attendance Attendance - Students and Teachers  12% children were absent on the day of survey in both Government and Private schools  Teacher attendance in both Government and Private schools was 12% and 13% respectively.

Multi-Grade Classes 40% grade 2 students in government schools and 28% grade 2 students in private schools sit with other classes. However, for Class 8, 19% students in Private schools sit with other classes compared to 15% in Government schools. Multi-Grade Teaching: When one teacher has to teach more than one classes at a time

Basic Facilities 64% 64% primary Government schools still do not have toilet facilities. 43% 43% primary Private schools still do not have toilet facilities. Private schools outperform government schools in terms of basic facilities

Section V: Other dimensions that influence teaching and learning

Mother tongue/ Home Language ASER 2012 survey findings revealed that 15 different languages were used in the surveyed households in AJK. Four languages used commonly were; Hindko (34%) Pahari (21%) Urdu (15%) Punjabi (15%) Fifteen percent of the remaining households used other languages Other Languages included : Gujrati, Potwari, Kashmiri, Persion, Pashto, Brahvi, English, Marwari, Bolari and Chitrali

Households’ preferred medium of instruction in school Each household surveyed was also asked their preferred medium of instruction for their children in schools. 70% percent of the households preferred Urdu as the medium of instruction in schools. Private schools showed a significant trend towards English medium instruction at 68% English Medium institutions. For households, preferred medium of instruction was Urdu. Preferred Medium of Instruction (Households) Actual Medium of Instruction (Schools)

Parental Education  48% mothers vs.64% fathers h ave completed primary education.  More than half of mothers had NOT completed primary schooling.

Section VI: How far have we come on RTE compliance?

How can ASER 2012 inform the planning, drafting, resourcing and implementation of 25-A?  ASER can help assess education with respect to :  Quality  Access  Equity  Planning according to district based assessment – generating District Report Cards (DRCs) linked to the Roadmap to Reforms and/or Sector Plans of the Provincial Governments.  Holding ASER Baithaks in ASER survey villages, parents, communities with parliamentarians and political holding ALL to account for ACTION!  Use of ASER data and teams for focusing on gender & the excluded groups  Forming District RTE Vigilante Committees mobilizing coalitions, teachers, youth, media and bar associations.

Action to RTE 25 A Implementation Milestone achievement: “The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2012” - challenge is tracking implementation ASER data to help in drafting of RTE Acts & using ASER data for continued advocacy on Right to Education (RTE) 25 A Each province has district by district data for addressing gaps in access, quality, equity/gender and financing Continued Dialogues with Parliamentarians and Politicians in 2013 for elections, manifestoes and actionable steps that can be tracked Linking the ASER information to national data and GMR /UN Human Development Reports /others in the run up to 2015 & post 2015 debates

ASER 2012 Supporters & Partners

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