Introduction

 Explain the goal of science.  Define hypothesis.  Explain how a hypothesis is tested.  List the steps of scientific inquiry.  Identify terms associated with an experiment.  Explain how a theory develops.  Differentiate between a theory and law.

 Science  observation  data  analyze  hypothesis  variable

 It is organized  It uses evidence to learn about nature

 To investigate  To understand  To explain

Using a method called Scientific Inquiry

 State the problem by posing a question.  Make observations.  Form hypothesis.  Design an experiment.  Collect, record, and analyze data.  Draw conclusions.

A Closer Look

Asking a Question Ask a question that can be answered by gathering evidence. EX: Which freezes faster, water with or without salt?

Developing a Hypothesis A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a set of questions. Must be testable. Often written in an If…then… format EX: If I add salt to fresh water, then the water will take longer to freeze

Designing an Experiment Test your hypothesis by writing a step by step plan & control the variables. Constant Variable- Variables that stay the same for the whole experiment Independent or Manipulated Variable- The ONE variable that you change on purpose found in the “if” part of hypothesis Dependent or Responding Variable- What you measure to get your results found in the “then” part of hypothesis

Designing an Experiment Test your hypothesis by writing a step by step plan. Control your variables. Control purpose is to compare with your results; I don’t do anything to the control; can sometimes be seen as the “normal” situation

Identify the following variables on your white board: - Constant (can be more than one) - Manipulated - Responding

Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower. - Constant (can be more than one) - Independent/Manipulated - Dependent/Responding

Elizabeth wanted to test if temperature affected how fast milk goes bad and curdles. She left milk in a room temperature closet, a fridge, and an oven that was turned on low heat. She then measured how rotten the milk was after 10 days. - Constant (can be more than one) - Independent/Manipulated - Dependent/Responding

Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks. - Constant (can be more than one) - Independent/Manipulated - Dependent/Responding

A psychology teacher allowed his third period class to eat snacks while taking an exam. His fourth period class was not allowed to eat snacks while taking the same exam. He compared the test averages from both classes. - Constant (can be more than one) - Independent/Manipulated - Dependent/Responding

Collecting and Interpreting Data Finding patterns or trends in your measurements Data is often organized in a table or graph

Drawing Conclusions Statements that sum up what you have learned from the experiment Includes a statement on if your data accepts or rejects your hypothesis EX: Water containing salt freezes at lower temperatures than freshwater.

Write the correct step of Scientific Inquiry for each of the following statements. Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion

Will a plant grow faster when watered with water or juice? Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion

Plants watered with juice grow slower than those watered with water. Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion

If I water my plant with juice then it will grow faster than a plant watered with water. Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion

Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion

 Plant the seeds in the containers. Seeds should be about one inch deep, one per container. Check the planting depths listed on each package.  Place your containers in a sunny window. Water the seeds. Poke holes in the bottom of the milk cartons for drainage before or after planting. Drainage is necessary or plants can get too much water and the roots will rot.  Place a small pie tin or container under the pots to catch the excess water.  Prepare the graph paper as to what you want to record: days, the inches and/or meters of growth. Excellent math correlation.  Watch for signs of growth. Begin measuring the plants and recording the growth when it first appears.  Attach a string to each container. A support string of several feet is necessary as bean plants usually climb the string. Bush beans will not climb but will need support.  Using the graph paper, compare the growth of the plants. Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Developing a Hypothesis - Drawing a Conclusion - Designing an Experiment

If I put salt in freshwater then the water will freeze slower. Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion

Water containing salt freezes at lower temperatures than water containing sugar. Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion

Will water freeze slower if I put salt in it? Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion

Will Your answer choices are: - Asking a Question - Developing a Hypothesis - Designing an Experiment - Collecting and Interpreting Data - Drawing a Conclusion