How do you like the listening lesson below? 1.Ask students to listen to a dialogue 2.Ask questions based on the dialogue 3.Check the answers 4.Tell the students who get the answers wrong and tell them that they should have listened more carefully

Diagnosis In Listening classes, students are usually given listening practice or test but they are not actually taught listening. We should teach them listening skills or help them develop effective listening strategies, and make them enjoy the process of listening.

Unit 9 Teaching Listening Key points 1. Process of listening 2. Process of teaching listening

What ‘s happening in our mind while listening?

1. Process of listening 1.1 Bottom-up Model Listening is a process of “decoding”, which moves from the bottom to the top of the system of language.

Discourses Sentences/ Phrases Words Linguistic knowledge is used. 1.1 Bottom-up Model

Discourses Sentences/ Phrases Words Linguistic Knowledge & Background Knowledge are used 1.2 Top-down Model

2. Process of teaching listening Three stages Pre-listening While-listening Post-listening

2.1 Pre-listening ▼ to provide context and motivation- helping learners become conscious of the purpose of or the focus for the upcoming listening input ▼ to give full play to listeners’ initiatives by activating their background knowledge ▼ to provide listeners with necessary “micro-listening” sub-skills to assist their listening

Main purposes of pre-listening activities: to introduce enough about the topic of the text or purpose for listening in order to activate the students’ schema and get them ready to predict what they will hear and make sense of it. to establish listening expectation to Activate students’ prior knowledge about the topic to solve for students potential language or knowledge problems by providing with them in advance the explanations of some new words or related background knowledge to warm students up and arouse their interest in listening

2.2 While-listening Listening is accompanied by carefully designed activities and experience the pleasure of success! Typical listening tasks Listening for gist Listening for specific information Listening for details Listening for inferring

2.3 Post-listening An indispensable part of the teaching of listening. Usually students are asked to work cooperatively within small groups to check their predictions and hypotheses by negotiating meanings and exchanging opinions.

3. Summary:teaching listening 3.1 select interesting & motivating listening materials if possible 3.2 focus on the process(three stages) 3.3 teach students listening strategies(top- down model,etc) 3.4 design various tasks purposefully to help students improve listening skills(eg: listening for gist, for specific information,etc)

Unit 10 Teaching Speaking Key points 1.Basis for teaching speaking 2.Principles for teaching speaking 3.Types of speaking tasks

1. Basis for teaching speaking High motivation- good topics Maximum English language Even participation(pair work, group work) Proper language level

Authentic topics for communication Questions: Can we teenagers be friends with our parents? Problem-solving: Two friends quarrel and have a fight. Can they make peace? How?

Topics in situations: samples -Acting 1.Television Interview. Filmstar, politician, sportsperson etc. 2.Job interview 3. Parent(s) and Child. Child returns home late/doesn’t want to go to bed/doesn’t want to get up etc. 4. Chance Meeting. Two friends who have not met for 5 years meet in the street, or at a party, etc.

2.Principles for teaching speaking P

3.Types of speaking tasks 1. Pre-communicative activities Accuracy(language form, structure) emphasized 2. Communicative activities Fluency(language meaning) emphasized, information-gap & authentic context necessary

4. Summary 1. Authentic, challenging, motivating topics! 2.Variety of activities combined(eg: interview, debate, role-play, acting,ect) 3. Cautious correction when students make mistakes 4. Integrating listening & speaking, reading & speaking, etc