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Published byKatherine Bruce Modified over 8 years ago
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Cardiovascular System Chapter 13 Objectives: 1.Identify structures and functions of the cardiovascular system. 2.Trace the flow of blood through the body.
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Coverings of the Heart Pericardium: (?) 1.Visceral (?)pericardium (“epicardium”(?)) – Innermost layer – Covers the heart 2.Parietal (?)pericardium – Outer layer of visceral pericardium – Forms inner lining of fibrous pericardium 3.Fibrous (?)pericardium – Dense connective tissue attached to central portion of diaphragm, posterior of sternum, vertebral column, and large blood vessels attached to heart
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Pericardial Cavity Space between parietal and visceral pericardium layers Filled with serous fluid to reduce friction between the membranes as the heart moves
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Wall of the Heart 1.Epicardium – Outer layer – Corresponds to visceral pericardium – Protects heart by reducing friction 2.Myocardium – Thick, middle layer – Consists mostly of cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers 3.Endocardium – Inner layer – Epithelium and connective tissue
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Heart Chambers & Valves ???? Four hollow chambers: – Upper chambers = atria (atrium) – Lower chambers = ventricles Atria – Thin walls – Receive blood returning to the heart Ventricles – Receive blood from the atria – Contract to force blood out of the heart into the arteries
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Heart Chambers & Valves, continued….. Left atrium and ventricle are separated from the right atrium and ventricle by a solid, wall-like septum. Atrioventricular valve – separates ??? – Tricuspid valve on the right “3 cusps” – Bicuspid valve (“mitral valve”) on the left “2 cusps” – Allows blood to flow ONLY from atrium to ventricular – no backflow
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Heart Chambers & Valves, continued….. Right atrium receives blood from: – Superior vena cava (???) – Inferior vena cava (???) – Coronary sinus – small vein that drains blood from the myocardium Right ventricle – Thinner muscular wall than the left ventricle – Only has to pump blood to the lungs Blood leaves the ventricle through the pulmonary valve, and enters the pulmonary trunk, which divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries.
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Heart Chambers & Valves, continued….. Left atrium receives blood from the lungs through 4 pulmonary veins. Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic valve, into the aorta. Ventricular wall is thicker – has to pump blood to the rest of the body
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Sketch & Label the Valves
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Label the Exterior Heart
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