1. Identity & Social Formation Ms Glasgow

2. Cultural Diversity The Cultural attributes of social groups that is different enough from other groups to cause them to have a significantly different experience of social life from that of others in the society. It stems mainly from tradition & the European hegemonics (rulers).

3. Cultural Attributes Race Religion Heritage e.g. Language, architecture, cooking laws & social institutions Expression of popular culture e.g. music (zouk, salsa, calypso, reggae, punta and cadence), dance drama, literature & art and craft Geography e.g. the impact of soil, relief and resources on economic activity & hence settlement (with different values & characteristics -> urban/rural living) and lifestyle (socioeconomic group & different stds of living)

4. Ethnic & Cultural differences in the Carib’n Based on race, colour, class, religion, heritage, language Egs In Jamaican the maroons & Rastafarian were derived from African descents but cultural practices & beliefs sets them apart In Guyana there are 7 ethnic groups of Amerindian -> 7% of the pop. that live in distinct areas & speak different languages: the Arawaks, Warau & Caribs on the coast and the Akawaio, Patamona, Arekuna, Makushi, Wapishana & Waiawai in the interior Variations of English: British, Bajan English, Jamaican English, Trinidadian English (creole)..etc used in different settings (formal vs informal, written vs oral); Chinese, Spanish French -> multilingual Caribbean In Trinidad & Tobago varied religion: Shango Baptiste, Protestants, Catholics, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist etc.. Varied foods, festivals, craft indigenous to each Caribbean territory

5. Effects of Cultural Diversity Positive EffectsNegative Effects Variety of food, music, festivals,etcEthnic prejudice Reflection on values & customs of other ethnic gps -> national dialogue Ethnic superiority -> ethnic hate Appreciation for other culturesEthnic politics -> discrimination -> nepotism Cultural HybridizationEthnic violence Ethnic Association w/h give different ethnic gps a “voice” Civil war & violence if rulers cannot maintain order among ethnic gps Hybrids acts as “mirrors” for specific ethnic gps to reflect on their behaviours

6. Accommodation Made by Different Ethnic Groups Cultural Pluralism (a society where there are 2 or 3 racial/ethnic groups who live together & interact but keep distinct lines between religion, family life & marriage). Hybridization ( the mixing and syncretism of races; the offspring of such union is neither of one ethnic group). Maroonage ( “bush” communities formed in the attempt to get freedom & escape oppression of colonization; survivie based on communist values

7. Cultural Pluralism In Guyana relations are polarized between African & Indian - > ethnic violence in the past In Trinidad a similar situation without the ethnic violence Suriname, major ethnic groups= Indians & Creoles but there are minority groups e.g. Javenese (15%), Maroons (10% & usually discriminated against) -> “Asian country”

8. Hybridization Malatto = European & African Dougla = East Indian & African Mestizo =Amerindian & European Creole = anyone or anything born of the Caribbean

9. Maroonage In Jamaica; Blue Mountains & cockpit Country) In British, Dutch & French Guiana They raided the planation for women, weapons & gunpowder Suriname & Jamaica were given peace treaties w/h allowed them land to occupy without interference

10. Plantation Society A “total institution” w/h re-socialised (brain washed) social groups into believing that the European ideology was ideal. Whites were associated with wealth, power & prestige Individuals produced by whites (hybrids) were favoured Whites occupied higher paying jobs Labouring classes were encouraged to distrust other each & strive to please the hegemonics Deviation from this resulted in server punishment during slavery.

11. Impact of Plantation Society on Carib’n Social Stratification

12. Terms Related to Social Stratification Plantocracy Intelligentsia Middle class Bourgeoise Working Class Underclass Caste

13. Creolisation & Hybridisation Acculutration Interculturation Enculturation Transculturation Assimilation Culture Renewal Culture Erasure Culture retention Douglarisation