1. Behavior Problems : Can Character Education Improve it? Action Research Paper By Jacqueline Holzer EDU 703.22/Fall 2010

2. Research Design  Quasi Experimental: Nonequivalent Control Group Design  One single group pretest- posttest design One single group is pretested (O), exposed to treatment (X), and post tested (O)  Symbolic Design: OXO  Groups are not randomly assigned

3. Possible Threats to Internal Validity  History Being a follower, desire to be accepted, act out to gain attention  Maturation Overtime experience a difficult time & default back to behavior problems, curriculum can become repetitive  Testing/Pre-test Sensitization May not answer honestly can affect results, knowing they are being surveyed may result in temporary behavior change  Differential Selection of Subjects Each child has different personalities & outlooks  Selection-Maturation Interaction Some students mature faster than others

4. Possible Threats to External Validity  Ecological Validity Different views based on their atmosphere & up-bringing  Pretest Treatment Testing before the treatment may affect results  Selection-Treatment Interaction Upon agreement from family member, students are not given an option of participating  Experimenter Effects Passive elements- some students may respond & engage more than others. Gender can be a threat to response & participation  Reactive Arrangements/Participants Effects Hawthorne Effect- students may change their behavior if they think they are being studied. Present as a way to get to know them.

5. Pre- Survey & Post-Survey  Same class, one group  One question chosen from pretest & post test Pre-survey question # 4: I have difficulty listening Post-survey question # 4: I have difficulty following directions StudentPre Survey- X Post Survey- Y 141 231 332 442 511 611 742 831 942 1043 RXY= 0.590624 There is a positive correlation between the pre-survey, the treatment and the post-survey

6. Proposed Pre-Survey & Post- Survey Data Students Pre & Post survey response on following directions StudentPre Survey Post Survey 141 231 331 442 511 611 742 831 942 1043

7. Proposed Pre-Survey Post-Survey Average of Data  Average of each survey question for the pre and post survey: QuestionsAverage of Pre- Survey Average of Post- Survey 131.8 22.91.9 32.62.3 43.12.1 52.62.1 632 72.91.7 831.9 93.21.7 103.32

8. References O’Connor – Petruso, S.,(2008) Stat.scales.analyses.threats.design.ppt.