1. Parent Involvement: Increasing Student Literacy Skills & Values Erika Gil Education 7202T: Seminar in Applied Theory and Research II Spring 2012

2. Table of contents Research Design 3 Threats to Internal Validity 4-5 Threats to External Validity 6 Proposed Data 7 Graphs 8 References 9

3. Experimental Design ● Quasi- Experimental Design: Non Equivalent Control Group Design ● This research will consist of two groups are pretested ● The participants are both randomly and individually selected. ● The participants are currently in 1 st and 2 nd grade at P.S. X of Brooklyn, NY. ● The two groups are pretested,exposed to a treatment (X), and post tested (O). Symbolic Design: O X 1 O O X 2 O

4. Threats to Internal Validity Maturation I will be working with a mix group of first and second grade students. They will have different levels of maturation and might affect how they are analyzing the literature. Testing/Pre-test Sensitization The students and parents will both take surveys before and after study. They will be asked to be as honest as possible and the survey will not be collected by practitioner, they will turn in the surveys in envelopes to keep their identities confidential. Students normally take reading level assessments during school, instructor will ask parents to request their child's reading progress.

5. Threats to Internal Validity Instrumentation Parent involvement and lack of parent involvement at home Mortality or drop out rate This is an internal threat to validity because some students and parents might leave the reading club through the duration of the study. Selection-Maturation Interaction: This is a valid threat students are from two different grade levels and their maturation levelsare very distinctive.

6. Threats to External Validity ● Ecological Validity- students might feel comfortable in small groups and not feel comfortable in a testing environment ● Generalizable Conditions- if experimented under different conditions the results might differ ● Experimenter effects both passive and active threats, my personal biases ● Selection Treatment Interaction- volunteer parent/ caregivers participants

7. Proposed Data x-axisy-axis 13 210 36 616 88 1023 213 48 521 Correl:0.622290654 rxy=.6

8. References O’Connor-Petruso, S. (2013). Descriptive Statistics Threats to Validity [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_50_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_829166_1%26url%3Dhttps://bbhosted.cuny.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_50_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_829166_1%26url%3D