1. Updated PowerPoint for B day classes
Emotion & Stress

2. When Motives Conflict approach-approach conflict
avoidance-avoidance conflict
approach-avoidance conflict
Multiple approach-avoidance conflicts

3. Emotion

4. Emotion
= a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

5. Emotion
Willam James and Carl Lange came up with the James-Lange Theory of Emotion.
We feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress.
The body changes and our mind recognizes the feeling.

6. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
The physiological change and cognitive awareness must occur simultaneously.
They believed it was the thalamus that helped this happen.

7. Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
Stanley Schachter explains emotions more completely that the other two theories.
They happen at the same time but…
People who are already physiologically aroused experience more intense emotions than unaroused people when both groups are exposed to the same stimuli.
Biology and Cognition interact with each other to increase the experience.

8. Theories of emotions

9. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic nervous system
arousing
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calming
Moderate arousal is ideal

10. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

12. Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions
Differences in brain activity
Amygdala
Frontal lobes
Nucleus accumbens
Polygraph

13. Polygraph
= a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).

14. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Can Define Emotion
Spill over effect
Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it

15. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion
Influence of the amygdala

16. Detecting Emotion
Nonverbal cues
Duchenne smile

17. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

18. Culture and Emotional Expression

19. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

20. The Effects of Facial Expressions
Facial Feedback : the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.

21. Fear
Adaptive value of fear
The biology of fear
amygdala

22. Anger Anger Evoked by events
Catharsis: emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing’ aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Expressing anger can increase anger

23. When we are happy
Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon: people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.
Well-being: self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

24. Happiness The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs
Watson’s studies

25. Happiness Two Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and Comparison
Happiness and Prior Experience
Adaptation-level phenomenon
our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.
Happiness and others’ attainments
Relative deprivation
the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

26. Happiness Predictors of Happiness

27. Stress
= the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging. Eustress = good stress

28. Stress Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)
Life Changing Units (LCUs)- marriage, change job, etc…
The more LCUs you have the higher your score is on the SRRS.
Those who score higher are more likely to have stress related disease.

29. Health Psychology
= a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.

30. Behavioral Medicine
= an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease.

31. Stress and Illness
Stress appraisal

32. Seyle’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Describes our response to a stressful event
Three stages
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

33. Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome

34. Stress and Illness Stressful Life Events
Catastrophes
Significant life changes
Daily hassles

35. Stress and the Heart Coronary Heart Disease
= the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.

36. Stress and the Heart Type A versus Type B
Type A: Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.
Type B: Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

37. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease Psychophysiological Illness
= literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

38. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
= the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

39. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
Lymphocytes
the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system; B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Stress and AIDS
Stress and Cancer