1. CEG 2400 FALL 2012 Chapter 15 Network Management 1Network Management

2. Fundamentals of Network Management Fundamentals of Network management –Assess, monitor, and maintain all network aspects –The amount you manage differs according to network’s size and importance –Several network management disciplines and they all share same goals Enhance efficiency and performance Prevent costly downtime and loss –Predict problems before they occur 2Network Management

3. Documentation Network features to document –Physical topology –Access method –Protocols –Devices –Operating systems –Applications –Configurations 3Network Management

4. Documentation Network diagrams –Graphical representations of network’s devices, connections –Provide broad snapshot of network’s physical or logical topology Wiring schematic –Graphical representation of network’s wired infrastructure –Detailed form Includes every wire connecting network devices –Or Less detailed form Single line represents group of wires connecting several clients to a switch 4Network Management

5. 5 Network diagram using Cisco symbols Network Management

6. 6 Wiring schematic Network Management

7. Measurements - Baseline Baseline - network’s current operation state Gathering baseline data –Many Software applications Some freeware, some expensive Compare future and past performance –Critical network, user functions –More data provides more accuracy Forecasting network traffic patterns 7Network Management

8. 8 Baseline of daily network traffic Network Management

9. Policies, Procedures, and Regulations Rules limit chaos, confusion, downtime State and federal regulations –CALEA (Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act) Telecommunications carriers, equipment manufacturers must provide for surveillance capabilities –HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) Protect medical records security and privacy Many policies and procedures –Not laws –Best practices to prevent network problems 9Network Management

10. Fault and Performance Management Assess network’s status on an ongoing basis Performance management –Monitor links and devices’ ability to keep up with demand Fault management –Detection and signaling of device, links, or component faults 10Network Management

11. Network Management Systems Enterprise-wide network management systems –Accomplish fault and performance management/monitoring –Polling Collecting data from multiple networked devices at regular intervals –Agents Collects information about device’s operation Provides information to network management application Various aspects of a device can be managed –Processor, memory, hard disk, NIC, etc. 11Network Management

12. Network Management Software Agent-based with network management application can use –MIB (Management Information Base) Contains managed devices definition, data –SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) Used to communicate managed device information Part of TCP/IP suite SNMPv3: most secure version of the protocol SNMPv2 still widely used 12Network Management

13. 13 Network management architecture Network Management

14. System and Event Logs Windows Log –File that contains recorded conditions recognized by operating system Event log –Windows-based computer log containing monitored device information Event Viewer - used to view log information in Windows 14Network Management

15. System and Event Logs Linux or UNIX Syslog function –Standard for generating, storing, and processing messages about events on Linux or UNIX –Data written to a system log Using logs for fault management –Logs keep history –Information collected does not always point to problem –Logs must be monitored for errors –There are applications used for viewing, filtering information 15Network Management

16. Traffic Shaping Traffic shaping –Manage type and amount of traffic traversing network –Goals Assure timely delivery of most important traffic Offer best possible performance for all users –Not without controversy Techniques –Traffic policing Limit traffic volume flowing in and out of interface during specified time period by importance Limit throughput rate for an interface 16Network Management

17. 17 Traffic volume before and after applying limits Network Management

18. Traffic Shaping Traffic prioritization technique –Treating more important traffic preferentially –Prioritization based on characteristics Protocol IP address User group Service or application 18Network Management

19. Caching –Local storage of frequently needed files –Allows quick access Web caching –Web pages stored locally On host or network, and then delivered to client ISP cache engine –Network device devoted to storage, frequently requested file delivery –Saves money; lowers WAN traffic 19Network Management

20. Asset Management Identifying and tracking hardware and software First step –Inventory each network node Benefits –Simplifies maintaining and upgrading network –Provides information about hardware and software costs and benefits 20Network Management

21. Change Management Managing change while maintaining network efficiency and availability Common software and hardware changes range from installing patches to replacing network backbone Several ways to approach changes –Software Changes –Hardware and Physical Plant Changes 21Network Management

22. Software Changes Software upgrades change Application patches and upgrades Need to know how to reverse a software upgrade –Software change may create unexpected problems –Be prepared to reverse an upgrade General steps –Determine whether patch or upgrade is necessary –Research change purpose, compatibility, and effects –Determine whether changes should apply to all users –Determine distribution method 22Network Management

23. Software Changes General steps (cont’d.) –Notify appropriate personnel of intent to change –Back up current system –Prevent users from accessing system during change –Implement the change –Test system fully –Re-enable access to the system –Inform personnel that change is complete –Record change in the change management system 23Network Management

24. Software Changes NOS (Network Operating System) upgrades change –Most critical upgrade type –Involves significant and potentially drastic changes to the way servers and clients operate –Upgrade requires forethought and rigorous testing –Create a project plan –Complex, far-reaching change –Ensure appropriate budget, resources, and time 24Network Management

25. Hardware and Physical Plant Changes Required when network component fails or malfunctions More commonly performed as an upgrade –Increase capacity, improve performance, and add network functionality Face same issues as software changes 25Network Management

26. Hardware and Physical Plant Changes Adding or upgrading equipment –Take time to research, evaluate, and test unfamiliar equipment –If consistency is a concern Purchase as much hardware as possible in single order Purchase from same vendor –Different preparation and implementation requirements for each device type –Devices that are most disruptive and complex to add or upgrade are the most difficult to remove or undo 26Network Management

27. Hardware and Physical Plant Changes Cabling upgrades –Can require significant implementation planning Depending on network size –Troubleshooting cabling problems Easier with current and accurate wiring schematics –Carefully document existing cable before making upgrades Ensures future upgrades go smoothly –Consider upgrading in phases –Carefully document after upgrade 27Network Management

28. Hardware and Physical Plant Changes Cabling upgrades (cont’d.) –Weigh upgrade importance against disruption potential –Organizations with very small networks Upgrade own network cabling –Larger organizations Rely on contractors 28Network Management

29. Hardware and Physical Plant Changes Backbone upgrades –Most comprehensive and complex upgrade –Backbone represents main data conduit –Requirements Extensive planning and personnel efforts –Upgrading entire backbone changes the whole network Reversing hardware changes –Provide way to reverse hardware upgrade Reinstall old hardware, If faulty: reinstall not possible –Keep old components safe and nearby Refer to it for information 29Network Management

30. Summary Network management –Assessing, monitoring, and maintaining network devices and connections Configuration management –Software and hardware configuration documentation Network management applications use SNMP to communicate with managed devices System logs and event logs record conditions Software and hardware upgrades require planning 30Network Management

31. End of Chapter 15 Questions 31Network Management