1. Aim: How are intergovernmental relations today? Chap 3, Day 3 DO NOW: PAIR/SHARE What is the cartoonist’s message? Do you agree with the short man or tall man?

2. From Dual to Cooperative Federalism Dual Federalism – a system of govt. in which both the states and the natl. govt. remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. Cooperative Federalism – a system of govt. in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the natl. govt. Standard operating procedures of coop. fed.- shared costs, federal guidelines, & shared administration.

3. Cooperative Federalism Coop. Fed. Began during the Great Depression in the 1930s and continues today. WHY? This photo shows the Big Dig in Boston, one of the most complex construction projects in history. Fed Govt provided about half of the funds for the project.

4. Intergovt. Relations Devolution- transferring responsibility for policies from the fed govt to state and local govts. State and local govts. Are mostly responsible for handling crime, welfare, and education. How did Fed Govt. mandate drinking age of twenty-one years (case study in federalism). How did they obtain compliance with this law? What are the implications of these methods for federalism?

5. Fiscal Federalism Fiscal Federalism – pattern of spending, taxing and providing grants in the federal system. Federal grants to state and local govts. Have grown rapidly and now amount to more than $600 billion per year Grants increased in 2010 and 2011 due to the stimulus package

6. Fiscal Federalism continued The Grant System: Distributing the Federal Pie Categorical Grants: Federal grants that can be used for specific purposes. They have strings attached. Project Grants: based on merit Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas Block Grants: Federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs. Grants are given to states & local governments

7. Fiscal Federalism The Scramble for Federal Dollars $400 billion in grants every year Universalism - a little something for everybody Patriot Act, Equipment to Police Forces The Mandate Blues Mandates direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant. Unfunded mandates are requirements on state & local governments - but no money Examples? NCLB