1. Marine Ecosystems Warm up and Review

2. Warm up: Get a copy of the chart off the front book shelf. Using a pencil, fill in the first 3 columns of the chart. A)Read page C116 and answer the following questions.  What is an Estuary?  Why is it important?  What are the types of plants and animals that live there? B)Read page C118 and answer the following questions. What is a Mangrove Forest?  Why is it important?  What are the types of plants and animals that live there? C)Read page C117 and answer the following questions.  What is a salt Marsh?  Why is it important?  What are the types of plants and animals that live there?

3. What is a Mangrove Swamp/Forest? 1.Mangrove forest is a thick grouping of mangrove (large trees that grow in saline coastlines) trees and shrubs that are located on the coast of tropical regions. In the United States they are located in southern Florida. Why is it important? 2. They are important because they provide oxygen, shelter and protection for marine animals. They provide protect for the coast line. Plants and animals 3. Crabs, snails, minnows, Osprey, snakes and other fish eating birds live in the mangrove forest.

4. What is a Salt Marsh? 1.Salt marshes are cool, grassy areas found along the edges of estuaries. In the US they are located along the Atlantic, and Pacific Coast and the Gulf of Mexico. Why is it important? 2. Salt Marshes are important because they help keep the shoreline from washing away. Plants and animals 3. Crabs, snails and minnows are found there.

5. What is an Estuary? 1.Estuaries are where fresh water from streams and rivers mix with salt water from oceans. Salinity changes as tides flow in. Examples bays, harbors and inlets Why is it important? 2. Estuaries are important because they are nutrient filled areas that support an abundance of life. They have been called the nursery of the marine ecosystem. They provide protection to small organisms. They can also help purify/filter water. Plants and animals 3. Worms and shellfish, microscopic organisms, different kinds of birds and sea animals.

6. PowerPoint Quiz 1 Review 1 Which of the following is not a source of fresh water? a)Aquifer b) lake c) estuary d) ice caps 2 Which area would you not find brackish water? a) Mangrove forest b) estuary c) bottom of a lake d)Swamp 3 Which animal would most likely be seen in an estuary? a) Oyster, b) manatee c) crabs d) birds 4. Which of the following human activities can harm estuaries a) fishing b) swimming c) Building houses d ) white water rafting 5) Which is the most important attribute of an estuary? a) It allows fresh and salt water to mix. b) It drains into the ocean c) It carries sediment in to the ocean shelf d) It filters pollutants ______ ________ ______________________ ________ _________

7. Warm up: Take out ocean sheet to answer questions. Give as much detail as possible –Take out colored pencils and Chromebook. Read page C122 and answer the following questions. Give as much detail as possible. What are Coral Reefs? Why are they important? What are the types of plants and animals that live there? Read page C86 and answer the following questions. Give as much detail as possible. What is downwelling? Why is it important? What is upwelling? Why is it important?

8. What are Coral Reefs? Clown fish, sea anemones, shrimp, turtles, molluck, sea urchins, star fish, clams and many others live in coral reefs.. Coral reefs are built-up limestone deposits formed by large colonies of ant-size organisms called corals. Huge coral reefs are the result of the accumulation of small corals growing on top of older deceased coral that have left the limestone remains. They are located in warm tropical regions near the shore. They are bio-indicators Why are they important? Coral reefs are important because they provide shelter to over 25% of all the species of ocean life. They also help protect shorelines from waves and storm damage. They are bio-indicators Plants and animals

9. What is downwelling? Downwelling is the movement of surface water to deeper depths. Downwelling occurs when surface waters converge (come together), pushing the surface water downwards. Why are they important? Downwelling carries oxygen from the surface deep into the ocean. This allows animals to live deep in the ocean. What is Upwelling? Upwelling is the movement of cold, deep, often nutrient-rich water up to the surface. Why are they important? It brings nutrients to the surface that in turns supports richly productive marine ecosystems.

10. PowerPoint Quiz 2 Review 1 Coral reefs are very delicate and can be harmed by… a) Changes in tides b) Changes in temperature C) Changes in sunlight d) changes in species 2 Which type of animals are typically on a coral reef? a) sponges, fish and manatee b) Worms, snakes and otters c) shrimp,sea turtles and mollusks d) Crab, fish and kelp 3 Which attribute of down welling allows fish to live in the deep ocean? a. It carries cool water to the bottom b. It carries oxygen and other gases to the bottom c. It carries animals down in its current d. Having little light makes animals harder to find 4. A tide can be described as a. a giant wall of water caused by earthquakes b. rising water due to heavy monsoon rains c. rising water caused by upwelling d giant waves caused by the gravitational force of the moon 5) El Nino bring warm water to an area. This is considered bad because a. It disrupts the flow of nutrients from to upwelling b. Too many people are on the ocean swimming and boating. c. People like to build houses were it is warm d. All of the above ____________ _____________ ____________________ _______________________ __________________

11. Warm up:. Give as much detail as possible. Read page C114 and answer the following questions. 1.What is the Intertidal zone? 2. Describe its conditions Read page C124 and answer the following questions. 1. What is the kelp forest and where are they located? 2. Why are they important? 3. What organisms live there? Read page C124 and answer the following questions. 1. How does the surface zone differ from the deep zone? 2. How are the organism different in the surface zone as compared to the deep zone? Read page C128 and answer the following questions 1. What are hydrothermal vents 2. Why are they important

12. What is the Intertidal zone? The intertidal zone is the area between the land and sea that is covered by water at high tide and uncovered at low tide. In this zone the land submerges under the ocean and the tidal zones begins. Describe its conditions? This zone is characterized by abundant dissolved oxygen, sunlight, nutrients, generally high wave energies and water motion. Lots of bio-diversity. Organisms that live in this zone must be able to survive both wet and dry conditions.

13. What are kelp forest? Worms, star fish, lobsters, crabs, octopuses, sea otters. Kelp are large brown algae /sea weed that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. They grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. Why is it important? These underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species What animals live there? https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=GcbU4bfkDA4

14. How does the surface zone differ from the deep zone? The surface zone is the part of the open ocean that receives sunlight to support the growth of algae. This zone is important because phytoplankton, which is an important source of oxygen, live in this zone. The deep zone is the part of the ocean that does not receive light. Because it is dark and cold, plants can not live there.

15. How are the organism different in the surface zone as compared to the deep zone? At the surface zone there is generally a greater diversity of organisms. Many of these organisms have special adaptations or behaviors that will keep them from sinking or allow them to change depth. Animals in this deep zone have bizarre adaptations to cope with their dark, cold, high pressure ecosystem. Many of these organisms glow in the dark (bioluminescent). Because these organisms feed on each other they generally have huge mouths and sharp teeth. The Colossal Squid https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=RjZR3S9-IVI

16. What a hydrothermal vents? A hydrothermal vent is an opening in the sea floor from which geothermally heated water rises and mixes with the ocean water above. Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots. Why are they important? Hydrothermal vents are important because they proved that some creatures can live without light. This means that there could be so many other ecosystems out there that we don’t know of. Special organisms that live there? Special type of bacteria that makes food from chemical released from the vents. Tube worms have bacteria inside of them that allow them to absorb food directly from the bacteria. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ykxQwleMo4 https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=mrSu65Bb9X4#t=218 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4IY3dIwZdI

17. PowerPoint Quiz 3 Review 1 Which activity would sonar technology be used for? a) Mapping the sea floor b) mapping the circulation of deep water C) Measuring the speed of sound d) Measuring the salinity of salt water 2 Which of the following does not contribute to the salinity of the ocean? a) volcanic eruptions b) Photosynthesis c) Evaporation d) Weathering of rocks 3 The surface mountains are higher than those found in the ocean? a Tureb. False 4 The abyssal pains are bigger in the pacific ocean than the Atlantic ocean a Tureb. False 5) More earthquakes happen in the ocean because a. There are more volcanoes. b. There are more tectonic plates. c. The waves are crushing into the underwater mountains d. The crust is thinner there. __________ ________ ______ _____ __________________

18.  Get a copy of each sheet off the book shelf  Take out ocean system chart(Took notes on it)

19. Deep Ocean Connection

20. What happens to the salinity levels as water moves from the river toward the ocean? River/ Stream Salt Marsh Mangrove/ Estuary Intertidal Zone Neritic Zone Open Ocean Zone Low medium High

21. What is the relationship do you see between depth and marine organisms? As depth increases the amount of marine bio- diversity decreases.

22. 4 factors that determine the type of ocean life  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8101vCjM7nY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8101vCjM7nY SUNLIGHT - most animals live near the surface (more sunlight). Sunlight decreases with depth TEMPERATURE - most animals live near the surface (warmer). Temperature decreases with depth WATER PRESSURE - most animals live near the surface (less water pressure). Pressure increases with depth Dissolve Oxygen- most animals live near the surface (more dissolve oxygen). Oxygen decreases with depth

23. Ocean Zones: Shoreline to Open Ocean Intertidal zone Neritic Zone Open Ocean Zone Deep Ocean Zone Continental Shelf Continental Slope Benthic Zone

24. Ocean Zones: Shoreline to Open Ocean Intertidal zone Neritic zone Open Ocean Continental shelf Continental slope Benthic zone area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide (seashore) relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately 200 meters (660 ft) in depth. everything in the ocean outside of the coastal areas. is the edge of a continent that lies under the ocean. It is relatively shallow and has a gradual slope An area at the edge of the continental shelf, the ocean floor plunges steeply 4 to 5 kilometers. is the ocean floor, ranging from the edge of the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone

25. Ocean Zones: Top to Bottom (Pelagic Zones) Intertidal zone Neritic Zone Open Ocean Zone Deep Ocean Zone Continental Shelf Continental Slope Benthic Zone Photic Zone Aphotic Zone Abyssal Zone Pelagic Zones

26. Top to Bottom

27. Ocean Zone: Top to Bottom 1) Photic Zone = ____________ part of the ocean that gets _ _______ _ _______synthesis can occur (Phytoplankton) ____________ is necessary to replenish nutrients ____________________ Many marine organisms are found here. _________________ depth 2) Aphotic zone = ocean depths with _ _________________ Specially adapted organisms ( ______synthetic, bioluminescent) __________________________________ depth 3) Abyssal zone =ocean is so ________ and dense that absolutely NO ________ appears. ____________________________________ depth upper/top light photo upwelling High biodiversity little or no sunlight chemo 80 m (260 feet) roughly 200 m to 1,000 m (600 ft- 3,300 ft) deep light 2,000 to 6,000 meters (6,560 to 19,680 feet)

28. The Ocean Floor  The ocean floor has higher mountains, deeper canyons, and larger flatter plains than the surface.  Sonar is used to investigate and map the ocean floor  Earthquakes occur more often there.  The rocks are very different.  The crust is thinner.  90% of all metals are found there

29. Trenches  the deepest parts of the ocean found along the edge of the ocean floor. Mid-ocean Ridges  underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonic movement. It is area in an ocean basin where new ocean floor is formed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYjyGfRp3F4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGye6vlOpbY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgDM6m0lUGY

30. The Ocean Floor 1. Continental Shelf 2. Continental Slope 3. Trench 5. Mid ocean Ridge 4. Hydrothermal vents

31. Putting It All Together

32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzvDlP 6xd9o

33. Classification of marine organisms 1. Plankton (floaters)  Phytoplankton (drifting plants and algae)  Zooplankton (drifting animals) Marine organisms can be classified into one of three groups based on habitat and mobility:

34. Classification of marine organisms Marine organisms can be classified into one of three groups based on habitat and mobility: 2.Nekton (swimmers) Most adult fish and squid Marine mammals Marine reptiles

35. Classification of marine organisms Marine organisms can be classified into one of three groups based on habitat and mobility: 3.Benthos (bottom dwellers) live in the Benthic zone-ocean/sea floor

36. PowerPoint Quiz 3 Review 1 Which activity would sonar technology be used for? a) Mapping the sea floor b) mapping the circulation of deep water C) Measuring the speed of sound d) Measuring the salinity of salt water 2 Which of the following does not contribute to the salinity of the ocean? a) volcanic eruptions b) Photosynthesis c) Evaporation d) Weathering of rocks 3 The surface mountains are higher than those found in the ocean? a Tureb. False 4 The abyssal pains are bigger in the pacific ocean than the Atlantic ocean a Tureb. False 5) More earthquakes happen in the ocean because a. There are more volcanoes. b. There are more tectonic plates. c. The waves are crushing into the underwater mountains d. The crust is thinner there. __________ ________ ______ _____ __________________

37. plankton nekton benthos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cguoY4qTXA