1. Disciplining Bodies: India’s Janani Suraksha Yojana and the Power to Control Birth Maggie Acosta Bowdoin College

2. India Government of India. 2005. “Janani Suraksha Yojana: Guidelines for Implementation” edited by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. New Delhi, India: Government of India.

3. The World Bank. India’s infant mortality ratio per 1,000 live births (modeled estimate). India’s MMR per 100,00 live births 2006-2015 (modeled estimate) India’s IMR per 1,000 live births 2006-2015 (modeled estimate) The World Bank. India’s infant mortality ratio per 1,000 live births (modeled estimate). The World Bank. India’s maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births (modeled estimate).

7. Government of India. 2005. “Janani Suraksha Yojana: Guidelines for Implementation” edited by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. New Delhi, India: Government of India.

8. Bioethics Non-maleficence Beneficence What is the basis for deciding what is “good” or “appropriate” care? Autonomy How do financial incentives alter the notion of choice for women in poverty? -Informed Consent How can health workers’ adequately inform women about reproductive health options given time and resource constraints? How does one obtain informed consent when others make decisions about women’s bodies?

9. Acknowledgments I would like to thank the staff of the Lucknow NGO especially my mentor and friend, Sangeeta Gautam. I am indebted to my CBO field partner in Benares, Sandhya ji, and to my Bowdoin advisor Rachel Sturman. An additional thanks goes to translators Sana and Shreya who provided linguistic and cultural context. Massive appreciation goes to the women who were willing and brave in speaking about their experiences related to reproduction and everyday life. This work is dedicated to all the wonderful women who produced this project and whose stories continue to shape my understanding of the development project.

10. Works Cited Das, A., Rao, D., & Hagopian, A. (2011). India's Janani Suraksha Yojana: further review needed. The Lancet, 377(9762), 295-296. Government of India. 2005. “Janani Suraksha Yojana: Guidelines for Implementation” edited by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. New Delhi, India: Government of India. ———. "Janani Suraksha Yojana: Features and Frequently asked Questions and Answers.” edited by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Online: Government of India, 2011. Lim, S. S., Dandona, L., Hoisington, J. A., James, S. L., Hogan, M. C., & Gakidou, E. (2010). India's Janani Surakhsa Yojana, a conditional cash transfer program to increase births in health facilities: an impact evaluation. The Lancet, 375(2009-2013). Powell-Jackson, T., Mazumdar, S., & Mills, A. (2015). Financial incentives in health: New evidence from India's Janani Suraksha Yojana. Journal of Health Economics, 43, 154-169. Randive, B., Sebastian, M. S., De Costa, A., & Lindholm, L. (2014). Inequalities in institutional delivery uptake and maternal mortality reduction in the context of cash incentive program Janani Suraksha Yojana: Results from nine states in India. Social Science & Medicine,123, 1-6. The World Bank. India’s maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births (modeled estimate). http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT/countries/1W-IN?display=graph http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT/countries/1W-IN?display=graph The World Bank. India’s infant mortality ratio per 1,000 live births (modeled estimate). http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN/countries/1W-IN?display=graph Wikipedia. National Rural Health Mission Logo. Photo. www.free-power-point-templates.com