1. 21 HAPTOPHYTES

2. 6 Oceans = 2/3 of Earth’s Surface Carbonate Deposits = ½ of Ocean Floor Haptophytes Contribute ¼ of Carbonate on Ocean Floor 7 **Haptophyte Significance

3. Haptophyte Significance 30 Haptophytes Contribute at least 25% of Vertical Carbon Transport to Ocean Floor (Graham et al. 2008)

4. 14 15 Flagella, Haptonema

5. 8 Haptonema Function 1)Obstacle Avoidance 2) Adhesion 3) Phagocytosis

6. 1 External Covering 24 2) Organic Scales 1) Naked

7. Figs. 10.7, 10.8 in Graham et al. 2008 Organic Scale Formation

8. External Covering 3) Coccoliths

9. Coccosphere

10. A) Non-CoccolithiphoreB) Coccolithiphore Haptophyte Forms

11. HeterococcolithsHolococcoliths Coccoliths

12. Holococcolith Formation

13. Figs. 10.9 in Graham et al. 2008

14. Heterococcolith Formation Fig. 10.10 in Graham et al. 2008

15. Coccolith Function 1)Focusing Light 2)Limit Access by Bacteria, Viruses 3) Retard Herbivory 4) Buoyancy Regulation Fig. 10.13 in Graham et al. 2008

16. Coccolith Formation and Photosynthesis HCO 3 - + Ca 2+ CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O

17. Fig. 10.14 in Graham et al. 2008 Chloroplast Structure Four membranes Chl a, c, β-Carotene, Fucoxanthin

18. Putative Chloroplast Origin in Haptophytes

19. Cell Division (Mitosis, Cytokinesis) Fig. 10.15 in Graham et al. 2008

20. Heterococcoliths (2n) Holococcoliths (n) Sexual Life Cycle

21. Asexual Reproduction Holococcoliths Heterococcoliths Prymnesium Species A (n) Prymnesium Species B (2n)

22. 28 Haptophyte Significance Isochrysis 29Pavlova lutheri

23. Phaeocystis is a Haptophyte. It forms a gelatinous colony. It is believed that their decaying remains are the cause of the foam on the sea shore. 10 Phaeocystis Colony 11 Haptophyte Significance

24. 27 Chrysochromulina 26 Prymnesium parvum Haptophyte Significance

25. 22 Phaeocystis Colony Emiliania Fig. 10.16 in Graham et al. 2008 Haptophyte Significance DMS (Volatile) Production

26. Haptophyte Significance 30 Haptophytes Contribute at least 25% of Vertical Carbon Transport to Ocean Floor (Graham et al. 2008)

27. 6 Oceans = 2/3 of Earth’s Surface Carbonate Deposits = ½ of Ocean Floor Haptophytes Contribute ¼ of Carbonate on Ocean Floor 7 **Haptophyte Significance

28. 12 13 Isle of Wight Chalk Cliffs 17 Haptophyte Significance

29. Putative Phylogeny

30. 1 http://img.search.com/thumb/d/d1/Emiliania_huxleyi_3.jpg/ 250px-Emiliania_huxleyi_3.jpg 2 http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~inouye/ino/h/phaeocystis.gif 3 http://www.b-s-p.org/bspnews/981/images/981-05a.png 4 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/phaeocystis450.jpg 5 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/coccolith.gif 6 http://hjs.geol.uib.no/marinemicro/maps/0-0-2-map- sediments-facies.jpg 7 Graham and Wilcox 2000 8 Fig. 10-3 in Graham and Wilcox 2000

31. 9 http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/models/carbon_cycle/ CDIAC_glob_c_cycle.gif 11 http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~inouye/ino/h/phaeocystis.gif 10 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/ phaeocystis450.jpg 12 https://www.biomedia.cellbiology.ubc.ca/cellbiol/media/images/ lrg625/1130048723_Akaroa_Bay-NZ-coccolith_of_Gephyrocapsa_oceanica- Apr-05_m05-2.jpg 13 Fig. 10-7 in Wilcox and Graham 2000 14 http://www.jochemnet.de/fiu/bot4404/Hapto_haptonema.jpg 15 http://www.jochemnet.de/fiu/hapto1.gif 16 Fig. 10-11 in Wilcox and Graham 2000 17 http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/bioref/Habitats/Needles_DSC_3524.jpg

32. 18 http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/lm/sugars/cellulose.GIF 19 http://www.nature.com/news/2001/010118/images/cellulose_200.jpg 20 http://www.2spi.com/catalog/analytical/images/3d/calcium%http://www.2spi.com/catalog/analytical/images/3d/calcium% 20carbonate%20crystals.jpg 21 http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/ina/graphics/stampdetail.jpg 22 http://www-gte.larc.nasa.gov/img/able1.jpg 23 http://www.uth.tmc.edu/bmb/images/faculty-mary-marsh-fig2.jpg 24 http://www.uth.tmc.edu/bmb/images/faculty-mary-marsh-fig2.jpg 25 http://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/imar/v35n1/fig09-02.jpg 26 http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/ga/http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/ga/ images/p_parvumbuzan.jpg 27 http://www.jochemnet.de/fiu/bot4404/Hapto_Chrysochromulina2.gif 28 http://www.ag.auburn.edu/fish/image_gallery/data/media/32/oyster_food.jpg

33. 29 http://www.lib.noaa.gov/korea/korean_aquaculture/algal.files/http://www.lib.noaa.gov/korea/korean_aquaculture/algal.files/ microalgal002.gif 30 http://www.e3alive.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/carboncycle.png