1. 28 29 30 31 32 33 Stramenopiles

2. 1 3 4 5 STRAMENOPILES: Autotrophs (“Ochrophytes”) Brown Algae Yellow-Green Algae Synurans Golden-Brown Algae

3. 2 STRAMENOPILES: Autotrophs (“Ochrophytes”) Diatoms

4. 6 7 Water Molds STRAMENOPILES: Heterotrophs Saprolegnia

5. STRAMENOPILES: Heterotrophs Late Potato Blight Grape Downy Mildew Damping Off Disease, Root Rot PlasmoporaPythium Phytopthora

6. Stramenopile Phylogeny

7. Stramenopiles Synapomorphy: Heterokont Flagellae

8. 1 3 4 5 Brown Algae Yellow-Green Algae Synurans Golden-Brown Algae Diatoms Stramenopiles: Ochrophytes

9. Putative Chloroplast Origin in “Ochrophytes” 10 11

10. 2 3 1 Diatoms

11. (Marine, Freshwater) Diatom Habitat

12. 7 8 PelagicBenthic Diatom Habitat

13. 24 PlanktonPeriphyton Diatom Substrates

14. 9 Epizoic Endozoic 11 (Foraminfera) Epiphytic Endophytic/Endosymbiotic Epilithic (Cnidaria) Diatom Substrates

15. Ocean Sediments 14

16. 13 Primary Productivity: 20% of Global Carbon Fixation

17. 26 Diatomaceous Earth 27

18. Pseudo-nitzschia Amnesiac Shellfish Poisoning 15 Neurotoxin: Domoic Acid (Binds to Kainate Receptors Membranes of Nervous System)

19. Frustule

20. 18 Silica (SiO 2, Silicon Dioxide) 19 Abundant in Water Inert to Enzymatic Attack pH buffer; maintains Carbonic Anhydrase Activity

21. Frustule Components

22. Fig. 12-16 in Graham and Wilcox 2007 Epivalve, Epicingulum, Hypovalve, Hypocingulum

23. Girdle = Cingulum

24. Girdle View 22 20 Valve View

25. Areolae Fig. 12-19 in Graham and Wilcox 2007

26. Fig. 12-18 in Graham and Wilcox 2007 Loculate and Poroid Areolae (and Velum)

27. STRIAE Fig. 12-20 in Graham and Wilcox 2000 Striae

28. Ocellus: Mucilage Secretion Figs. 12-21, 12-22 in Graham and Wilcox 2007

29. Fig. 12-14 in Graham and Wilcox 2000 Tubes: Labiate Processes

30. Tubes: Strutted Processes Figs. 12-14, 12-23 in Graham and Wilcox 2007

31. Forms of Extracellular Mucilage Fig. 13.10 in Lee 1999

32. Raphe, Central Nodule, Polar Nodules Fig. 12-25 in Graham and Wilcox 2000 Fig. 13.1 in Lee 1998 Fig. 13.3 in Lee 1999

33. Raphe System Figs. 12-24, 12-26 in Graham and Wilcox 2000 Valve View Girdle View

34. Diatom Structural Diversity: Centric, Araphic Pennate, Raphic Pennate CENTRIC ARAPHIC PENNATE RAPHIC PENNATE

35. Licmophora Skeletonema Tabellaria Asterionella Chaetoceros Colonial Diatoms

36. Periphytic Diatoms Gomphonema

37. Diatom Phylgoeny Fig. 12.14 in Graham et al. 2008

38. Chloroplast Origin 34

39. Fig. 12.24 in Graham et al. 2008 Diatom Cell Division

40. Centric Sex Fig. 12.25 in Graham et al. 2008

41. Pennate Sex Fig. 12.26 in Graham et al. 2008

42. 1 http://www.daviddarling.info/images/diatoms.jpg 2 http://www.bhikku.net/archives/03/img/diatoms.JPG 3 http://www.zarzora.com/albums/Great-Sand-Sea/silica.jpg 4 http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/images/upwelling.gif 5 http://library.thinkquest.org/5194/picts/ocean%20map.JPEG 6 http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/graphics/photos0506/ laketurnover.gif 7 http://www.mholmer.biology.sdu.dk/grafik/snapshot/Pelagic% 20trap.JPG 8 http://dept.bio.unipd.it/~casellato/research/foto/benthic1.jpg

43. 9 http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/fishlab/Dhaku/epizoic%20diatom/Falcula %20hyalina/1st%20ante%20em.jpg 11 http://fce.lternet.edu/publications/presentations/FCEslides/images/Slide17.jpg 12 http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/water/coasts/contentpix/shore.jpg 13 http://www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk/gradschool/BCMSc/graphics/wifs.gif 14 http://hjs.geol.uib.no/marinemicro/maps/0-0-2-map-sediments-facies.jpg 15 http://www.arpa.emr.it/daphne/progetto_mare/images/im_ Pseudo_nitzschia_seriata.jpg 16 http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2131.jpg 17 http://www.ualg.pt/adiac/intro/frustule.GIF 18 http://www.microscope-microscope.org/applications/sand/LakePowell3.jpg

44. 19 http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1597/PreviewComp/http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1597/PreviewComp/ SuperStock_1597-27246.jpg 20 http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2131.jpg 21 http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/systems/images/diatom.jpg 22 http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/systems/images/diatom.jpg 23 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgapr02/db2sa.jpg 24 http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/bioref/Chromista/Vaucheria_epiphytes.jpg 25 http://www.scienceprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/plankton_591.jpg 26 http://courses.bio.psu.edu/fall2005/biol110/tutorials/tutorial30_files/http://courses.bio.psu.edu/fall2005/biol110/tutorials/tutorial30_files/ diatomaceous_earth.jpg 27 http://www.holocaust-history.org/auschwitz/zyklonb/Sample3-diatomaceousearth.jpg 28 http://www.carolina.com/images/en_US//local/products/altview_large/152940_lp.jpg 29 http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/seagrant/GLWL/Protozoa/Ochromonas2.jpg

45. 31 http://www.marlin.ac.uk/imgs/Species/Chromophycota/http://www.marlin.ac.uk/imgs/Species/Chromophycota/ o_lamhyp.jpg 32 http://herbarium.biosci.ohio-state.edu/Diatom.jpg 33 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/images/saprolegnia.jpg 34 http://myweb.dal.ca/jmarchib/pic.secondary-endo.jpg