2. Reconstruction: an era between (1865-1877), the federal government struggled with how to return the eleven southern states to the Union, rebuild the South’s ruined economy, and promote the rights of former slaves. Reconstruction: an era between (1865-1877), the federal government struggled with how to return the eleven southern states to the Union, rebuild the South’s ruined economy, and promote the rights of former slaves.

3. Freedmen’s Bureau: It created a government agency to provide services to freed slaves and war victims.

4. Gettysburg Address: Speech delivered by President Abraham Lincoln four months after the battle at Gettysburg (November 19, 1863). Speech delivered by President Abraham Lincoln four months after the battle at Gettysburg (November 19, 1863). This speech unified the Union to win the War against the South This speech unified the Union to win the War against the South

5. Black Codes: – Laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans and keep them as landless workers. – Used violence and intimidation to enforce black codes.

6. 13 th Amendment: makes slavery illegal 13 th Amendment: makes slavery illegal Civil Rights Act of 1866: grants citizenship to African Americans and outlaws black codes Civil Rights Act of 1866: grants citizenship to African Americans and outlaws black codes 14 th Amendment: Guarantees citizenship to African Americans and prohibits states from passing laws to take away a citizens rights. 14 th Amendment: Guarantees citizenship to African Americans and prohibits states from passing laws to take away a citizens rights.

7. 15 th Amendment: States that no citizen can be denied the right to vote because of, “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” Conscription: means to get drafted into the military. Militia Act: a law demanding that black soldiers be allowed to fight in the Union Army.

8. Total War: a military strategy which involves striking civilian and military targets. Total War: a military strategy which involves striking civilian and military targets. Copperheads: a group, faction, who opposed Lincoln’s conduct of the war and demanded an end to the fighting. Copperheads: a group, faction, who opposed Lincoln’s conduct of the war and demanded an end to the fighting. Confederate General, Robert E. Lee, surrendered to the Union at Appomattox Court House in Virginia Confederate General, Robert E. Lee, surrendered to the Union at Appomattox Court House in Virginia

9. African Americans and the Civil War More than 180,000 African American volunteers had served in the Union army More than 180,000 African American volunteers had served in the Union army Assigned tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, or digging latrines; served longest guard duty and were placed in exposed battle positions. Assigned tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, or digging latrines; served longest guard duty and were placed in exposed battle positions.

10. African Americans and the Civil War Enslaved People Help the Union Cause: Helped supply troops with food; Helped supply troops with food; Used their familiarity with the terrain to serve as spies or scouts for the Union army; Used their familiarity with the terrain to serve as spies or scouts for the Union army; Some organized their own militia units. Some organized their own militia units.

11. WOMEN :The Civil War offered women new opportunities. Many women took over family businesses, farms, or plantations Many women took over family businesses, farms, or plantations Women from the North and the South masqueraded as men and marched into battle. Women from the North and the South masqueraded as men and marched into battle.

12. In the North and South, the most notable military role for women was nursing. In the North and South, the most notable military role for women was nursing. Some African women in the South served as spies and guides. Some African women in the South served as spies and guides.

13. Emancipation Proclamation It declared free only those slaves living in states not under Union control.after January 1, 1863. It declared free only those slaves living in states not under Union control. after January 1, 1863. It did not apply to loyal border states It did not apply to loyal border states Did not free a single slave Did not free a single slave