1. PADS Power Aware Distributed Systems Architecture Approaches – Deployable Platforms & Reconfigurable Power-aware Comm. USC Information Sciences Institute Brian Schott, Bob Parker UCLA Mani Srivastava Rockwell Science Center Charles Chien

2. Objectives Deployable power-aware wireless sensor platform  Provides monitors and control points to allow the RTOS and application middleware to dynamically adapt energy according to the changing environment and mission requirements.  Monitors include evaluating and designing the power management techniques  Control points include  Hardware abstraction layer that provides API for power management by RTOS and middleware.  Provides a lightweight, small deployable platform for field exercises – both military and commercial applications. Reconfigurable power-aware communications  Dynamically adapt communication processing during runtime based on channel condition and mission requirements.  Monitor channel conditions, including SNR, BER, RSSI, CIR, and Doppler shift.  Provide a library of run-time reconfigurable communication modules implemented in a high-level language such as JHDL.  Provide configuration control and monitor to middleware for power-aware protocols, allowing adaptation to be not only at the lower layers and below but also at the higher layer e.g. link and network.

3. Deployable Platform Sensor 1 Signal Conditioning Signal Processing Logic & Control Embedded Radio Power Memory Current WINS Node 2.5” X 2.5” X 4” WINS Node in 2000 1”x1”x1” Sensor 2 Sensor 3 Sensor n Leverage existing Rockwell Wireless Integrated Networked Sensor (WINS) Technology based on the StrongARM. Develop and implement controls and monitors to enable power management by the middleware and RTOS.  E.g. cache sleep/on modes, processor sleep/idle/on, and peripheral idle/on modes. Provide API abstraction to facilitate power management. Advanced power-aware features will be implemented guided by experimental results obtained from the research platform. Potential upgrade to higher-speed, lower power next-generation StrongARM.

4. JIT Power-aware Communications AWGN  Approximately 10 dB SNR requirement for 0.001% BER. Raleigh fading  Approximate 45 dB SNR requirement for 0.001% BER. Transmit power is 12.5 dBm for AWGN case at 100 m. Transmit power is 37.5 dBm for Rayleigh fading with no coding. With coding the transmit power is increased to 22.5 dBm. But the computation overhead is 100X for a K=9 rate ½ convolutional code.

5. Reconfigurable Power-aware Communications Techniques Traditional approaches  Point solution, usually designed for the worst-case channel condition  Manage power at the link layer only, e.g. power control. Proposed approach  Provides adaptation inclusive of the physical layer and supports adaptation at the higher protocol layer (e.g. routing).  Utilizes reconfigurable technology (e.g. FPGA).  Adapts not only digital processing but also analog processing. Runtime reconfigurable library (100X power dynamic range)  Direct-sequence spread-spectrum modem (adaptable processing gain)  FEC coder/encoder: block codes and convolutional codes.  Un-equalized QAM, including BPSK and QPSK. Reconfigurable analog processing (10-20X power dynamic range)  Adapt the input bandwidth, spanning a range of 10 kHz to 1000 kHz.  Configures mode of power amplifier (Class A and E/F).

6. Some Potential Operation Scenarios Typical operation  Good channel => Uncoded transmission  Noisy channel => Simple to complex FEC coding and/or interleaving. Decrease BW  Interference channel => Increase processing gain. Mission critical operation  Un-equalized QAM, high BW, and Class A operation.  Add FEC and processing gain as needed. Sentry  GMSK with Class E operation.  Low BW.  Add FEC and processing gain as needed.

7. Reconfigurable Radio Architecture

8. Field Demonstrations

9. Technology Transfer & Commercialization Collins PLGR LAN provides situation awareness to individual soldiers. RSC’s Highly Deployable Remote Access (HiDRA) (hidra.rsc.rockwell.com) Existing as well as future Rockwell products can greatly benefit from the power-aware technology developed under this program.