1. How Nutrients Become You

2. Food, Nutrients, and Energy
Six Nutrient Groups:
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Each nutrient has a specific job that is vital to good health

3. The Functions of Nutrients
Essential nutrients from food are used to:
* build and repair body tissues
-needed during periods of growth
* regulate all body processes
-digestion, metabolism, etc
* provide energy
-need energy for all of life’s processes

4. Chemistry of Nutrients
Five of the basic nutrient groups are compounds:
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Water
Minerals are elements.

5. The Energy Value of Food
The energy value of food is measured in units called kilocalories.
1 gram of carbohydrates = 4 kilocalories of energy
1 gram of fat = 9 kilocalories of energy
1 gram protein = 4 kilocalories of energy
Water, vitamins, and minerals do not yield energy.
The more calories in a food, the more energy it will provide.

6. The Digestion Process
Digestion-the process by which your body breaks down food, and the nutrients in food, into simpler substances.
1.Mechanical-chewing
In the Mouth
Mastication or chewing is first step.
Chew food well-it aids in digestion.
Salivary glands – produce saliva a mixture of about 99% water plus a few chemicals.
Keeps mouth moist, gives food taste, moistens, softens and dissolves food, helps cleanse teeth and neutralize mouth acids.
2. Chemical-breakdown of food into simpler compounds

7. Digestion
As food is digested, it passes through a muscular tube leading from the mouth to the anus. This tube is called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract-Peristalisis
Each section performs important functions.

8. Sections of the GI tract
The mouth
The esophagus
The stomach
The small intestine
The large intestine

9. Functions of GI Tract In the Esophagus In the Stomach
Passageway from the mouth to the stomach.
Tube about 10 inches long
Breathing automatically stops when you swallow to prevent choking.
Squeezing motions in the esophagus called peristalsis moves the food to the stomach.
In the Stomach
Produces gastric juices to aid digestion.
Gastric juices made of hydrochloric acid, digestive juices and mucus.
Chyme –food and gastric juices combined.
Stomach can hold about 1 quart of food.
Food stays in stomach 2 to 3 hours.

10. Functions of GI Tract In the Small Intestine
95% of digestion occurs here.
Has 3 sections: duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
Is about 20 feet long and 1 inch in diameter.
Takes about 5-14 hours for food to move from the mouth through small intestine.
Pancreas, a gland behind the stomach aids the small intestine.
Liver is involved in the chemical digestion in the small intestine with use of bile-breaks down fat.

11. Functions of GI Tract Large Intestine
Food moves from small intestine to the large intestine (colon).
Measure 5-6 feet when stretched.
Main job is to reabsorb water, very little digestion.
Chyme stays in large intestine 1-3 days before elimination.
Solid waste called feces, leave the large intestine through the rectum and the body through the anus.

12. Absorption of Nutrients
Absorption is the passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into the circulatory of lymphatic system.
Some nutrients can dissolve in water. They are called water-soluble nutrients.
Some nutrients can dissolve in fat. They are called fat-soluble nutrients.

13. Factors Affecting Digestion and Absorption
Eating Habits
Choose a nutritious diet that includes a wide range of foods.
Take time to enjoy your food, no rushing to eat.
Watch the make up of your food choices.
High fat foods longer to digest.
Foods high in carbs leave stomach faster.
Be aware of the wholesomeness of your food.
Spoiled and contaminated foods can cause intestinal problems.
Emotions
Reduce stress while eating
Enjoyable environment helps.
Food Allergies
Food allergy is a reaction of the immune system to certain proteins found in food.
Symptoms – vomiting, stomach pain, intestinal distress, skin rashes, swelling, and breathing problems.
Food sensitivities - lactose intolerant
Physical Activity
Aids in digestion and metabolism
Stimulates a healthy appetite and strengthens muscles of the internal organs.

14. Digestive Disorders Diarrhea Constipation Indigestion Heartburn Ulcer
Causes food to move through digestive system too quickly for nutrients to be fully absorbed.
Leads to a loss of body fluids
Constipation
Feces become hard in large intestine, making bowel movements painful.
Caused by erratic eating habits, low fiber intake, lack of physical activity, drinking too little water.
Indigestion
Caused by stress, eating too much or too fast, or eating particular foods.
Symptoms are gas, stomach cramps and nausea.
Heartburn
Caused by stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus. Known as reflux
GERD
Ulcer
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, caused by a bacterium.
May be hereditary connection, stress, or excessive alcohol or aspirin use.
Gallstones
Small crystals that form from bile in the gallbladder. When these block the duct connecting the gallbladder to small intestine cause for great pain.
May slow fat digestion and pools of fluid in the liver.
Diverticulosis
Abnormal pouches forming in the intestinal wall and become inflamed.
Caused by diet too low in fiber, or diet too high in fat or an inactive lifestyle.

15. Assignment
Take laptop from carts to complete worksheet. Put worksheet in binder when complete.
Return laptop.