1. Flight Mission Advanced Strike TACF-02 T-45C PRACTICE TACTICAL FORMATION FLYING

2. TACF-02 ORM Operational Requirements / Limitations –Crew Rest / Crew Day / Work Week –R&I –IP Currency (SOP) –Warm Up Eligibility –Previous Flight Incomplete? Determine Graded Items. Human Factors –Life Stressors / External Factors / Personal Problems –Medical Status (Rest / Nourishment / Hydration) Hazards and Controls –Routine –Weather Current Observations and Forecasts Crosswinds Fuel Considerations –Mission Specific

3. TACF-02 ADMIN QOD –NATOPS –EP –SOP

4. TACF-02 Flight Brief Brief –a. QOD (NATOPS / EP / SOP) –b. KIO Procedures –c. Unknown airspeed rendezvous Introduce –a. Off-heading shackle turns –b. Loose deuce exercise –c. Displacement roll / reversal Practice –a. Combat checks –b. Voice communications –c. Formation –d. Defensive combat spread –e. Check turns –f. Shackle turns –g. Cruise turns –h. Tactical turns –i. In-Place turns –j. Cross turns –k. Unknown airspeed rendezvous –l. Gunsight tracking exercise (fuel permitting) –m. Situational awareness –n. Lead (if flown) –o. Touch and go landings

5. TACF-02 Notes: If the “Gunsight tracking exercise: has been performed on either TACF-01 or TACF-02, it will be performed as a “Practice” item on TACF-03. If not previously performed, it will be introduced on TACF-03.

6. TACF-02 Combat Spread –What is it? –How to get there Check your heading, generate an airspeed advantage, and take a 10- 15 ° cut away from the lead.

7. TACF-02 Maintaining Combat Spread Priorities –1. Bearing Line Airspeed dependent(may need to account for a 5 kt TAS difference with 1000’ of altitude difference) –2. Abeam distance –3. Altitude

8. TACF-02 Combat Spread Corrections If Sucked –Wingman needs to accelerate to reach bearing line- power, unload. If Acute –Wingman needs to decelerate. Different techniques available. (Climb to decelerate or maintain altitude and take a cut away and then back to slow downrange travel) If wide or acute, –Wingman needs to toward or away as appropriate. Care should be given to add enough airspeed and not to turn too much, as doing so will trade the wingman’s abeam or wide for a sucked position.

9. TACF-02 Check Turns –Into Turn will make you acute. Multiple techniques to fix position. Big Picture: Slow your down range travel compared to lead, then fix your altitude and abeam distance. –Away Turn will make you sucked. Big Picture: Increase your down range travel compared to the lead (ie. lower your nose and increase your airspeed), then fix your altitude and abeam distance.

10. TACF-02 Check Turns –Into Turn will make you acute. Multiple techniques to fix position. Big Picture: Slow your down range travel compared to lead, then fix your altitude and abeam distance. –Away Turn will make you sucked. Big Picture: Increase your down range travel compared to the lead (ie. lower your nose and increase your airspeed), then fix your altitude and abeam distance.

11. TACF-02 Tactical Turns –Into Wait until looking down lead’s intakes. Start a level 14 unit pull to the new heading while maintaining 300 kts. Adjust timing of turn, amount of pull, and airspeed as necessary to come out of turn in position. –Away Start a level 14 unit pull to the new heading while maintaining 300 kts. Make adjustments to fix positioning.

12. TACF-02 In-Place Turns –Into Make a level 14 unit turn for 180 °, maintain 300 kts. Corrections for sucked / acute start. –Away Make a level 14 unit turn for 180 °, maintain 300 kts. Corrections for sucked / acute start. Do NOT float the turn when belly up to lead!

13. TACF-02 Cross Turns –17 unit, nibble of buffet pull into lead. –Must maintain 500’ of separation from lead. Overbank to 135deg after flight cross. –Use altitude to gain an airspeed advantage and fix your position. –Corrections for sucked / acute start.

14. TACF-02 Shackle Turns –14 unit level turn into lead, putting the original heading on the 45 ° benchmark (or as appropriate to help fix your position). –Maintain 300 kts keeping altitude separation from lead. –Wait approx 2 sec then pull 14 units back to the original heading. (Corrections for sucked / acute.

15. TACF-02 Off Heading Shackle Turns Turn to 45 ° past eventual heading. If wingman’s turn is less than 45 °, delay reversal. If wingman’s turn is greater than 45 °, then reverse upon reaching reversal heading.

16. TACF-02 –Started with a Tac turn into the wing. –Before it is time for wing to turn, lead will call break turn with the bandit at the wing’s 5 or 7 o’clock high. Wing should make a hard turn into the bandit. –Lead tells wing to reverse and calls out his position. –Use a series of High and Low Yo-Yo’s to remain in position behind the lead, while keeping a good energy package on the aircraft. Report High Cover and Low Cover as appropriate. High Cover and Low Cover –Trunk IP will call for a reversal, lead will reverse when wing reports “Roger reverse”. –If at low cover, wing turns with lead and moves to high cover at appropriate time. If at high cover, perform either a displacement roll or a reversal as appropriate.displacement roll –When trunk IP decides, swap roles.swap roles Loose Deuce

17. TACF-02 Weapons Envelope

18. TACF-02 Unknown Airspeed Rendezvous –Continue flying good Tacform until Fenced Out (Master Arm off with Gun deselected and the HUD back in the normal mode) and cleared to join by the lead. When joining, make the rendezvous look like one that you have practiced before. Lead will be setting the power and turning to put the RTB heading on the nose. The join will be either a running rendezvous, CV rendezvous, or a combination.

19. TACF-02 COORDINATION BRIEF All members of flight required to attend the rest of the brief

20. TACF-02 ORM Operational Requirements / Limitations –Crew Rest / Crew Day / Work Week –R&I –IP Currency (SOP) –Warm Up Eligibility –Previous Flight Incomplete? Determine Graded Items. Human Factors –Life Stressors / External Factors / Personal Problems –Medical Status (Rest / Nourishment / Hydration) Hazards and Controls –Routine –Weather Current Observations and Forecasts Crosswinds Fuel Considerations –Mission Specific

21. TACF-02 TTO Who will call a TTO? What situations will the TTO be called? –Safety –Confusion / Misunderstanding IP Responsibilities –Recognize need for TTO –Explanation / Instruction as necessary –Documentation on ATF When and how will training resume?

22. TACF-02 –A/C - ATC C/S - Tactical C/S - Crew –Brief / Walk / Marshal / Takeoff / Land Times –ATC Clearance / IFF –Area –Line / T/O / Abort / RPM –Comm Plan - Tac –Nav Plan –LCLS –Joker / Bingo ADMIN (card)

23. TACF-02 ADMIN Launch –WeatherWeather –Preflight / Start / Marshal / Taxi –T/O / Rdvs –Formation –Transit (Admin Cruise) / (ATC Spread)(Admin Cruise) (ATC Spread) –RadAlt Usage RTB –Form –Recovery –Diverts –NOTAM’sNOTAM’s

24. TACF-02 Tac Admin Fence Checks Initiated by Wing G’s and Fuel – Between Loose Deuce and GST Knock It Offs – Maintain Visual and fly to combat spread.

25. TACF-02 Conduct Press to Combat Spread G-Warm Check Turns Shackle Turns Off Heading Shackles Cruise Turns Tac Turns In-Place Turns Cross Turns Loose Deuce Gunsight Tracking (fuel permitting) LEAD RESERVES THE RIGHT TO DO ANY TURN AT ANY TIME FOR AREA MANAGEMENT!

26. TACF-02 Emergencies Ground Emergencies Abort Rwy Dep / Gnd Ejection Radio/ICS failure Loss of Navaids Lost Plane / Lost Sight System Failures Disorientation Bird strike/ Midair SAR procedures Ejection Aircrew Coordination Underrun

27. TACF-02 Recap Overall Flow Questions

28. TACF-02 STANDARD DEBRIEFING FORMAT The Flight Lead or Pilot-in-Command is responsible for ensuring all flight or crewmembers are thoroughly debriefed on the conduct of the mission utilizing the “S-P-B-E-MS-LL” format outlined below. (Refer to the CTW-1/CTW-2 Expanding Debriefing Guide for specific objectives). I.Safety II.Planning III.Brief IV.Execution V.Mission Success VI.Lessons Learned

29. TACF-02 G-Warm Maneuver –Lead climbs to be co-altitude with the wing. –Maneuver initiated when lead calls “C/S Accel for G-Warm”. Maneuver executed when wing responds “C/S Two”. –Unload until the VV is 12 degrees nose low. –At 350 KIAS, lead will call “C/S G-Warm Left (or Right)”. Maneuver executed when wing responds with “C/S Two”. Pull 4 G’s for 90 degrees of heading change. –Continue accelerating for 400 KIAS at which time the lead will call “C/S G-Warm Right (or Left)”. Once again, the maneuver is executed when wing responds with “C/S Two”. Make a level 6 G pull back to the original heading. G-WARM

30. TACF-02 2 Circle Fight Break Turn Evaluation Bubble / Post Attack Window / Control Zone Misaligned Turn Circles: Target Airspeed 300-330 KIAS Let the geometry work for you, then pull for the shot.

31. TACF-02 HIGH AND LOW YO-YO High Yo-Yo (Lag Maneuver) Decreases Closure Low Yo-Yo (Lead Maneuver) Increases Closure

32. TACF-02 CZ relation to Guns WEZ Note that the CZ and the Guns Envelope do not overlap. You cannot employ the gun from the CZ!! Control ZoneSnapshot EnvelopeTracking Envelope No lead required for tracking shot, however you have a high risk of overshooting if closure is not under control. Lead required for snapshot (pipper 1- 2 plane lengths in front). Allows for quick shot and a lag back to safety of the CZ to maintain offensive position.

33. TACF-02 Weapons Envelope

34. TACF-02 ± 10° at 2000 ft ± 20° at 4500 ft Control Zone The goal of the fighter is to arrive in the control zone with range, angles, and closure under control. From there, he can maneuver to shoot the bandit. Must have controlled entry into CZ with relative fuselage alignment. (No more than 20 degrees of misalignment in the front of the CZ and no more than 45 degrees of misalignment in the aft end)

35. TACF-02 FENCE CHECKS Done after the G-Warm. 1.Gunsight in the HUD (RTGS) 2.Box TACAN 3.Master Arm ON 4.Squeeze the trigger Report “Fenced In”, along with G’s and fuel.

36. TACF-02

37. HIGH AND LOW COVER High Cover –Defined as stepped up and outside lead’s turn circle. Low Cover –Defined as stepped down and inside lead’s turn circle. Wing shall at no time pass inside the 500’ bubble!

38. TACF-02 DISPLACEMENT ROLL –A displacement roll is beneficial when the lead’s reversal will put you on the inside of the lead’s turn and you do not have excessive distance to lose, primarily in high cover. –To perform, ease your turn so that you can pick the nose up. With the nose high, canopy roll away from the direction of the new turn to establish yourself on the outside of the new turn circle in high cover.

39. TACF-02 LOOSE DEUCE ROLE SWAP –Lead will tell wing of a malfunction and ask if he can engage. –Wing will engage from the low cover position, if not in position, tell lead to “Stand by” and move to low cover. –When ready to engage, tell lead to level his wings and get his nose up. When lead is clear of your flight path, direct him to turn back towards you and describe both your position and the position of the bandit to him. Define the roles of free and engaged fighter and continue to prosecute the bandit. –Lead will report high cover, when directed by the trunk IP, report your malfunction to the lead and ask him to engage. Follow his directions and move back to high cover.

40. TACF-02 ADMIN CRUISE –Different from phase I cruise form –Flown on parade wingline bearing –Distance on bearing is about 3-4 plane lengths

41. TACF-02 ATC SPREAD ATC Spread is flown while under instrument flight rules. (Usually used during prolonged transit time) Wingman must maintain position in “Standard ATC Formation” (which dictates no more than 1nm of separation from lead) Wingman must also match lead’s altitude and may not use variations in altitude to fix position. ATC spread is not graded and simply a tool to allow the student more time flying on bearing at.8-1.0nm.