1. Bellringer Download today’s notes: Europe in Crisis 2 Notes Answer the following questions using the graph below: 1. What is unusual about the change in population between 1600 and 1650 compared with the change in other parts of the graph? 2. Why might this change have occurred?

2. Economic and Social Crises In addition to political and religious warfare, severe economic and social crises caused problems in Europe in the 16 th and 17 th centuries Inflation: Economic Slowdown by 1600 Spanish economy, dependent on silver, began to fail by 1640s. Why? Pirate attacks on Spanish ships Loss of Muslim and Jewish artisans in Spain hurt economy Italy’s economy was declining also Population showed declining conditions Warfare, plague, and famine all contributed to population decline and social tensions including the witchcraft trials

3. The Witchcraft Trials Belief in witchcraft had been part of traditional village culture for centuries Religious zeal and the hunt for heretics led to concern about witches – led to hysteria More than 100,000 people were charged as witches – fear of witches and fear of being accused Poor people and single, older women were targeted – more than 75% women Many falsely accused and falsely confessed under torture Hysteria diminished by 1650 What does the term “witch-hunt” mean?

4. Thirty Years’ War Religious disputes continued in Germany after the Peace of Augsburg – did not recognize Calvinism “Last of the religious wars” Began as a religious fight between Catholic rulers of the Holy Roman and Protestant nobles in the German states Denmark, Sweden, France and Spain entered the war for political reasons (ex. France fought against Spain and the H.R.E. to gain leadership in Europe even though they were all Catholic) Peace of Westphalia ended the war in 1648: Gave territory to Sweden, France and allies Holy Roman Empire broken into 300 independent states with freedom to choose own religion

5. Review! 1. What is inflation? 2. What were possible causes of inflation? 3. What role did tensions in Europe play in the increasing fear of witchcraft? 4. What social tensions existed in Europe in the 16 th and 17 th centuries? 5. What were the causes and effects of the Thirty Years’ War?

6. Homework! Study for Ch. 5, Lesson 1 Quiz tomorrow! Current events due Friday! We will work on these in class tomorrow, so don’t stress!