2.  I can define a trait.  I can give examples of traits.  I can define a gene.  I can explain Mendel’s role in Genetics.  I can define Genetics.  I can define Heredity.  I can identify the P generation.  I can identify the F1 generation.  I can identify the F2 generation.  I can define an allele.  I can describe a dominant allele.  I can describe a recessive allele.

3.  Trait  Gene  Gregor Mendel  Heredity  Genetics  P Generation  F1 Generation  F2 Generation  Allele  Dominant  Recessive

7. All those characteristics you just listed are called traits. A trait is a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

8.  Traits › Number of arms › Number of legs › Skin color › Eye color › Hair color › Straight/crooked teeth  Not Traits › Reading › Writing › Riding a bike › Doing a cartwheel › Nobody comes out of mom doing any of these!

9.  Remember those sections of DNA that we would copy into mRNA in Protein Synthesis? › Those sections of DNA are called genes! Genes…. Not jeans.

11. If your mom had brown eyes and your dad had blue eyes (like our very serious models are showing below), what color will your eyes be?

12.  To solve this problem, we need to travel back to the 1800s where Gregor Mendel was growing pea plants… Call me Greg

13.  Mendel was a priest in Europe  He grew pea plants › He began studying those plants when he noticed certain traits would appear and disappear  This is heredity – the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring  Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics › Genetics – the scientific study of heredity

16.  Mendel would test for one trait at a time. For example, he would cross a yellow pod plant with a green pod plant. He would then see what the offsprings’ pod color would be.

17.  The plants that he crossed are called the P1 generation (the parent generation)  The plants that came out of the cross are called the F1 generation.

18.  Mendel then crossed an F1 plant with another F1 plant. The plants that came out of this cross are called the F2 generation.

21.  Dominant Allele › A dominant allele will always show up › In pea plant pods, green is dominant  Recessive Allele › A recessive allele will only show up if there is not a dominant allele present › In pea plant pods, yellow is recessive

26.  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiOh5nio_rKAhUC6iYKHcbJDGoQjB0IBg&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.welfareshape.com%2Fdiet%2Fwhat-genetic-affects-on-weight- loss%2F&psig=AFQjCNFQqSsVCuiZctYea3rpUvWu7hpVQw&ust=1455643147873847 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiOh5nio_rKAhUC6iYKHcbJDGoQjB0IBg&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.welfareshape.com%2Fdiet%2Fwhat-genetic-affects-on-weight- loss%2F&psig=AFQjCNFQqSsVCuiZctYea3rpUvWu7hpVQw&ust=1455643147873847  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.com%2Fdo- genetic-personality-traits-exist.htm&psig=AFQjCNFO3QDzTvZCefVYKfMxthiz-D1JKw&ust=1455643758672751 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.com%2Fdo- genetic-personality-traits-exist.htm&psig=AFQjCNFO3QDzTvZCefVYKfMxthiz-D1JKw&ust=1455643758672751  https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2014/06/vast-genetic-diversity-among-mexicans-found-in-large-scale- study/_jcr_content/main/image.img.620.high.jpg https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2014/06/vast-genetic-diversity-among-mexicans-found-in-large-scale- study/_jcr_content/main/image.img.620.high.jpg  http://regionalcancercare.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/photodune-321600-portrait-of-three-generation-family-on-beach-holiday-s.jpg http://regionalcancercare.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/photodune-321600-portrait-of-three-generation-family-on-beach-holiday-s.jpg  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwipopOmqfrKAhWBOyYKHYn3BS8QjB0IBg&url=h ttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.familytreedna.com%2F&psig=AFQjCNFO3QDzTvZCefVYKfMxthiz-D1JKw&ust=1455643758672751 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