2. Octavian Takes Power Octavian faced task of restoring order in empire Had no intention of establishing dictatorship when he took power Principate Octavian careful to avoid title of king or emperor Called himself princeps, “first citizen” Government called Principate New Political Order Octavian decided it impossible to return Rome to republican form of government Created new political order, known today as the empire New Title 27 BC, Senate gave Octavian title Augustus, “the revered one” Title a religious honor; able to wear laurel and oak leaf crown From Octavian to Augustus

3. New Imperial Government Augustus head of state more than 40 years, made smooth transition to new imperial government with power divided between him and Senate Most financial, administrative matters under Augustus’s control Legacy Created police force, fire brigades; stockpiled food, water Began building program; presided over moral, religious reforms Great period of cultural creativity; great writers like Horace, Ovid, Virgil Foreign Affairs Started program to bring peace to west, particularly to Gaul, Spain Began series of conquests that pushed border eastward to Danube River Also took special care of Rome itself The Augustan Age

4. Cupid Pax Romana Roman Peace- Emperor viewed as a god!

5. 27 180 1.Britain 2.Romania (called Dacia) 3.Judea (Israel) 4.Iraq 5.N. Africa 1.Emperor is a god! 2.Police and Fire Dept 3.Standardized laws = same everywhere in empire Picked governors Forced Romans to follow their laws Period of peace in empire—no civil wars More trade, more money Money to spend on improving Rome and the arts

6. The Julian Emperors 1.Augustus 2.Tiberius 3.Caligula 4.Claudius 5.Nero

7. The Flavian Emperors 1.Vespasian—began Coliseum 2.Titus---son of Vespasian 3.Domitian---younger son of Vespasian

8. Five Good Emperors 1.Nerva 2.Trajan 3.Hadrian 4.Antoninus Pius 5.Marcus Aurelius Emperors adopted the empire’s best general as their son so they could be the next emperor. This stopped with Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius

9. 180476 Germany protection land Asia Payment from Romans to not invade; led by Attila Armies fought to make their general emperor. 37 Emperors from 180 AD to 287 AD!!!! INFLATION= rise in prices; trade declines less production

10. 284476  Split the empire in 2—East and West  Set maximum prices for goods  Order people to remain in jobs for life  Believed in divine right = emperor rules not because people allow it, but chosen by god 284-305 379-395 307-337  Last ruler of Eastern and Western empires  Allowed the Goths to settle in Roman territory  Declared Christianity the only religion in the empire  First Roman emperor to become a Christian  Moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey)  German tribes invade --- the Ostrogoths (east) and Visigoths(west), the Lombards, Vandals, and the Franks  In 476 a German general named Odoacer becomes emperor