2. A chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across generations A circle represents a female. A square represents a male. A horizontal line connecting a male and female represents a marriage. A vertical line and a bracket connect the parents to their children. A half-shaded circle or square indicates that a person is a carrier of the trait. A completely shaded circle or square indicates that a person expresses the trait. A circle or square that is not shaded indicates that a person neither expresses the trait nor is a carrier of the trait.

3. Autosomal Dominant Ex Achondroplasia Dwarfism, Huntington’s Disease, Inherited colon & breast cancer, hypercholesterolemia Autosomal Recessive Ex Sickle Cell Disease, Cysic Fibrosis, Phenylketonuria (PKU), Recessive blindness, Tay Sachs

4. X-linked Dominant Ex Hypophosphatemic rickets, Rett Syndrome, Incontinentia pigmenti (lethal in males), congenital generalized hypertrichosis (wolf man syndrome) X-linked Recessive Ex Dushene Muscular Dystrophy, hemophilia, color blindness

5. Transmitted directly from one generation to the next. Males and Females affected equally NEVER SKIPS A GENERATION Never any carriers

6. Only expressed when in homozygous form Males and females affected equally May skip many generations before showing up ¼ chance being affected when carriers mate

7. Females affected more frequently Daughters of affected males : 100% chance & sons: unaffected Offspring of affected females : 50% chance

8. Males affected more frequently because they only have one X chromosome Typical transmission from carrier female

9. Sometimes carriers are not depicted on the pedigree

11. Cystic Fibrosis

12. Huntington’s Disease

13. Hypertrichosis

14. Sickle Cell Anemia

15. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

16. Tay-Sachs

17. Karyotypes

18. A karyotype is the characteristic chromosome match (or complement) of a eukaryote species

19. Human Male

20. Human Female

21. Human Gametes

22. Down Syndrome

23. Klinefelter Syndrome

24. Turner Syndrome

25. What is Wrong Here?

26. Dog Karyotype

27. Mouse Karyotype

28. Common NameGenus and SpeciesDiploid Chromosome Number BuffaloBison bison60 CatFelis catus38 CattleBos taurus60 DogCanis familiaris78 DonkeyE. asinus62 GoatCapra hircus60 HorseEquus caballus64 HumanHomo sapiens46 PigSus scrofa38 SheepOvis aries54