1. Vaccination The use of vaccines to provide protection for individuals and populations against disease. The concept of herd immunity. The differences between active and passive immunity

2. Active and Passive Immunity Passive Immunity – Introducing antibodies against a pathogen from an outside source. Needs no direct contact with pathogen but these antibodies will eventually break down an wont be replaced. Active Immunity – Antibodies produced by your own white blood cells Natural Active Immunity Articifical Active Immunity (vaccination) The use of vaccines to provide protection for individuals and populations against disease. The concept of herd immunity. The differences between active and passive immunity

3. Vaccination – How it works The use of vaccines to provide protection for individuals and populations against disease. The concept of herd immunity. The differences between active and passive immunity

4. Features of successful vaccination Programme Economically Available – must reach most vulnerable Few side effects Means of transporting and storing vaccine appropriately Means of proper administration by staff Must be Herd Immunity The use of vaccines to provide protection for individuals and populations against disease. The concept of herd immunity. The differences between active and passive immunity

5. Herd Immunity The use of vaccines to provide protection for individuals and populations against disease. The concept of herd immunity. The differences between active and passive immunity

6. Why vaccination is not 100% People with defective Immune systems Vaccination is not immediate – Infection can still occur before the vaccine has worked Pathogenic mutation – antigenic variability Pathogens can hide inside cells and certain parts of the body Social Objection to Vaccination (Religious reasons, MMR) The use of vaccines to provide protection for individuals and populations against disease. The concept of herd immunity. The differences between active and passive immunity

7. The ethics of using Vaccination Should animals be used to test for vaccines? Are the potential long term side effects worthwhile for a new vaccine? Who should be tested on for vaccines? Where should a vaccine be trialled? In a country with the most occurrance of the disease? Should Vaccination be compulsory? Should Vaccinations cost individuals? If one person suffers but the majority benefit, is that right? The use of vaccines to provide protection for individuals and populations against disease. The concept of herd immunity. The differences between active and passive immunity