1. AP Biology Discussion Notes Thursday 01/29/2015

2. Goals for Today Be able to decode the message in messenger RNA (mRNA) Be able to name and describe the two major steps of protein synthesis (how proteins are made) Be able to list the molecules & structures involved in Transcription & Translation.

3. Question of the Day 1/29 What are the 3 basic steps of protein synthesis in Eukaryotes (2 big stages with 1 thing in between – because of our nucleus) and what are the major players? 1. 2.

5. Species of the Day 1/28 Leopard Seal –Hydrurga leptonyx The RNA in this Seal:

6. Create the mRNA, tRNA and find the Amino Acid coded for on mRNA

9. Pick a decoder

12. Important!….. The genetic code is REDUNDANT but not AMBIGUOUS

13. How do you figure these things out? Any ideas how you would start if you don’t know any of this?

14. Nobel Winners Physiology & Medicine 1968 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 was awarded jointly to Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall W. Nirenberg "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis".

15. Is this genetic code Universal? Do all organisms have DNA? Do all organisms have RNA? Do all organisms’ RNA code for proteins in the same way (Same codon = same AA)?

16. The (near) universality of the genetic code is what allows transformation to work. DNA from one organism can be put into another (AND FUNCTION) in that other organism!!!!

17. If I insert the gene (code for 1 _______ ) into another organism, what should that organism be able to do with it? The (near) universality of the genetic code

18. If I insert the gene (code for 1 _______ ) into another organism, what should that organism be able to do with it? MAKE PROTEINS CODED FOR The (near) universality of the genetic code

19. Transformation Lab

21. The (near) universality of the genetic code is what allows – transformation to work.

26. National Geographic Story: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/ 2009/05/photogalleries/glowing-animal- pictures/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/ 2009/05/photogalleries/glowing-animal- pictures/

27. On 1/29/2015 I _______ ________ learned how to decode the code in all* living things. *almost all

28. Let’s simplify before we complicate

29. Species of the Day 1/29 Elephant Seal –2 species, the Northern & Southern

30. Species of the Day 1/29 Elephant Seal – Southern or Northern? –2 species, the Northern & Southern

31. Species of the Day 1/29 Elephant Seal – Southern or Northern? –2 species, the Northern & Southern

32. Species of the Day 1/29 Elephant Seal –2 species, the Northern & Southern

33. Species of the Day 1/29 Southern Elephant Seal –Mirounga leonina

34. Species of the Day 1/29 Elephant Seal –2 species, the Northern & Southern IF the mRNA sequence of this Southern Elephant seal read: AUG CCC GCA UAA What Amino Acids would be coded for? Why is AUG important?