2. ALGAE Similarities and difference to higher plants

3. Similarities Presence of cell wall—mostly cellulosic. Autotrophs/Primary producers— carry out photosynthesis Presence of chlorophyll a

4. Differences Algae lack the roots, stems, leaves, and other structures typical of true plants. Algae do not have vascular tissues—non vascular plants Algae do not form embryos within protective coverings—all cells are fertile. Variations in pigments. Variations in cell structure—unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms.

5. Supergroup Excavata Kingdom Euglenozoa (euglena) Supergroup “SAR” Clade Kingdom Stramenopila Phylum Chrysophyta (golden algae) Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae) Phylum Heterokontophyta/Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Kingdom Alveolata Phylum Dinoflagellata (dinoflagellates) Kingdom Rhizaria (rhizarians) Phylum Radiolaria Phylum Foraminifera Supergroup Archeoplastida Kingdom Rhodophyta (red algae) Viridiplantae Kingdom Chlorophyta (green algae) Kingdom Charophytes Kingdom Plantae (embryophytes) Mostly Algaes

6. Excavata SAR: Stramenopila SAR: Rhizaria Archaeoplastida Unikonta Supergroups Red and green algae Slime molds Forams and radiolarians diatoms, golden and brown algae Euglenoids dinoflagellates SAR: Alveolata

7. Diatoms Peridinium Ceratium Spirogyra Chlamydomonas Volvox Algal Slides to examine

8. Excavata Euglenoids

9. Thecate- with shell Athecate- naked 2 kinds: centric (circular) and penate (oblong) Frustule (silica shell) centric pennate Phylum Bacillariophyta: Diatoms SAR: Stramenopila

10. Diatoms

11. epithecate hypothecate Diatom Reproduction- asexual auxospore Discards shell and grows new one

12. SAR: Stramenopila Dividing frustule Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Diatoms

13. Sargassum polyphyllum Sargassum echinocarpum Phaeophyta: Brown Algae Turbinaria ornata Padina japonica Hydroclathrus clathratus SAR: Stramenopila

14. Kelp

15. Single-celled eukaryote Animal/plant type organism with 2 flagella Bioluminescence Zooxanthellae: Symbiodinium Ceratium Phylum Pyrrophyta: dinoflagellate SAR: Alveolata

16. Spirogyra Archaeoplastida

17. Chlamydomonas Archaeoplastida

18. Volvox Archaeoplastida

19. Chlorophyta: Green Algae Caulerpa racemosa Caulerpa sertularioides Dictyosphaeria cavernosa Codium edule Halimeda opuntia Archaeoplastida

20. Hypnea chordacea Asparagopsis taxiformis Galaxaura fastigiata Acanthophora spicifera Ahnfeltia concinna Rhodophyta: Red Algae Archaeoplastida

21. Thickener and help smooth: Many foods and milk-products Toothpaste Beauty creams Paints Medical products- like bacterial culture plates, time-release pills, and dental impression gels

23. Halimeda opuntia Acanthophora Avrainvillae Eucheuma Gracilaria Hypnea Kappaphycus

24. Super Sucker