1. Burning Characteristics of Carbonized Chars from RDF, Scrap Tire, and Their Blends Burning Characteristics of Carbonized Chars from RDF, Scrap Tire, and Their Blends H. HAYKIRI-ACMA, S. YAMAN, S. KUCUKBAYRAK Istanbul Technical Univ., Chem. Eng. Dep., Istanbul, TURKEY VALENCİA 2015

2. Outline of the presentation Introduction Introduction Materials And Methods Materials And Methods Analyses Analyses -Proximate Analysis -Proximate Analysis -Structural Analysis -Structural Analysis -Thermogravimetric Analysis -Thermogravimetric Analysis Results and Discussion Results and Discussion Conclusion Conclusion VALENCİA 2015

3. The Properties of Sample VALENCİA 2015

4. Refuse Derived Fuel RDF VALENCİA 2015

5. Scrap Tire

6. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analyses VALENCİA 2015

7. 7 Samples were first dried in an oven and then ground to a particle size which is not bigger than 250 µm. while the higher heating values were determined by calorimeter Proximate analyses were performed according to ASTM standards Elemental analyzer was used to get the ultimate analysis results of the samples. Analyses

8. Results and Discussion VALENCİA 2015

9. RDFScrap Tire Proximate Analysis (%, as received) Moisture 4.2 0.8 Volatiles79.666.8 Ash14.9 6.1 Fixed Carbon* 1.326.3 Higher Heating Value (MJ/kg)23.335.3 Elemental Analysis (%, dry basis) C62.277.5 H 8.06.9 N 0.60.4 S 0.20.9 O*13.48.2

10. VALENCİA 2015 Analysis Char Samples R200R400R500S200S300S400S700 Proximate Analysis (%, as received) Moisture 1.9 1.9 0.7 0.7 Volatiles73.761.4 Ash18.910.1 Fixed Carbon 5.5 5.527.8 Higher Heating Value (MJ/kg) 27.830.411.937.437.034.728.7 Elementel Analysis C62.465.479.178.777.173.3 H 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 5.7 5.7 0.9 0.9 N 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 S 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 O 6.3 6.3 2.5 2.5

11. Sample Cell : Alumina (cylindrical) Sample Cell : Alumina (cylindrical) Amount of sample : 10 mg original samples Amount of sample : 10 mg original samples Particle sizes of sample : -250 µm ( 60 mesh) Particle sizes of sample : -250 µm ( 60 mesh) Atmosphere : Dynamic Dry Air ( ml/min) Atmosphere : Dynamic Dry Air ( ml/min) Heating : The sample was heated in a cylindrical alumina crucible from ambient to 900°C with a linear heating rate of 40 °Cmin-1. Heating : The sample was heated in a cylindrical alumina crucible from ambient to 900°C with a linear heating rate of 40 °Cmin-1. DTG curves were derived from the TGA results DTG curves were derived from the TGA results Thermogravimetric Experiments Combustion Conditions VALENCİA 2015

12. TGA,DTA and DTG thermograms under dry air VALENCİA 2015

13. Burning Profiles of Untreated Scrap Tire and Refuse Derived Fuel

14. VALENCİA 2015 Burning Profiles of Chars Obtained at 200°C for Scrap Tire and at 400°C for RDF

15. VALENCİA 2015 The burning profiles of the char blends

16. Conclusion VALENCİA 2015 Scrap tire and RDF need different carbonization temperatures in order to get carbonized biochars that have the highest values of higher heating values. That is, the carbonization temperatures of 200°C and 400°C are the optimum temperatures for scrap tire and RDF, respectively. Carbonization temperatures are quite limited compared to the studies reported in literature, the variations in the results of chars such as volatiles, fixed carbon, and carbon are not so obvious. Comparison of the burning profiles of ST and RDF in the forms of either untreated biomass or carbonized char revealed that serious differences exist in the burning characteristics with respect to the burning rates, onset- and end- temperatures of burning.

17. Thank You for Your Attention! VALENCİA 2015