1. Myers PSYCHOLOGY Seventh Edition in Modules Module 19 Drugs and Consciousness James A. McCubbin, Ph.D. Clemson University Worth Publishers

2. Drugs and Consciousness  Psychoactive Drug  a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood  Physical Dependence  physiological need for a drug  marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms  Psychological Dependence  a psychological need to use a drug  for example, to relieve negative emotions

3. Dependence and Addiction  Tolerance  diminishing effect with regular use  Withdrawal  discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use Small Large Drug dose Little effect Big effect Drug effect Response to first exposure After repeated exposure, more drug is needed to produce same effect

4. Psychoactive Drugs  Depressants  drugs that reduce neural activity  alcohol, barbiturates, opiates  slow body functions

5. Psychoactive Drugs  Alcohol  affects motor skills, judgement, and memory  reduces self awareness  Barbiturates  drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

6. Psychoactive Drugs  Opiates  opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin)  opiates depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety  highly addictive

7. Psychoactive Drugs  Stimulants  drugs that excite neural activity  caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine  speed up body functions

8. Psychoactive Drugs  Amphetamines  drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

9. Psychoactive Drugs  Cocaine  effects depend on dosage, form, expectations, personality and situation  coca leaves  powder  crack

10. Cocaine Euphoria and Crash

11. Psychoactive Drugs  Ecstasy  MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetami ne)  stimulant and mild hallucinogen  dangerous short and long term effects

12. Psychoactive Drugs  Hallucinogens  psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input  LSD  MDMA (Ecstasy)

13. Psychoactive Drugs  LSD  lysergic acid diethylamide  a powerful hallucinogenic drug  also known as acid  THC  the major active ingredient in marijuana  triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

14. Psychoactive Drugs

15. Trends in Drug Use

16. Perceived Marijuana Risk

17. Near-Death Experiences  Near-Death Experience  an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death  often similar to drug- induced hallucinations

18. Near-Death Experiences  Dualism  the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact  Monism  the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing