1. Drugs and Consciousness  Psychoactive Drug  a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood  Physical Dependence  physiological need for a drug  marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms  Psychological Dependence  a psychological need to use a drug  for example, to relieve negative emotions

2. Dependence and Addiction  Tolerance  diminishing effect with regular use  Withdrawal  discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use Small Large Drug dose Little effect Big effect Drug effect Response to first exposure After repeated exposure, more drug is needed to produce same effect

3. Psychoactive Drugs  Depressants – “downers”  drugs that reduce neural activity  alcohol, barbiturates, opiates  slow body functions - sympathetic NS

4. Psychoactive Drugs  Alcohol  affects motor skills, judgment, and memory  reduces self awareness  Disrupts processing of recent events into long-term memories  large amts – depressant, small amts - stimulant

5. Animation - Alcohol http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/s ynapse.swf http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/s ynapse.swf http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/a ddiction/drugs/mouse.html

6. Psychoactive Drugs  Barbiturates  tranquilizers, mimic effects of alcohol  drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

7. Psychoactive Drugs  Opiates  opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin)  opiates depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety  highly addictive

8. Animation - Heroin http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/s ynapse.swf http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/s ynapse.swf http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/a ddiction/drugs/mouse.html

9. Psychoactive Drugs  Stimulants – “uppers”  drugs that excite neural activity  caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine  speed up body functions – nicknamed “speed”

10. Animation Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animat ions/synapse.swf http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animat ions/synapse.swf http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/a ddiction/drugs/mouse.html

11. Psychoactive Drugs  Amphetamines  drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speed-up in body functions and associated energy and mood changes  more powerful than cocaine

12. Psychoactive Drugs  Cocaine  effects depend on dosage, form, expectations, personality and situation (coca leaves, powder, crack )  Blocks dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine – depression, irritability

13. Cocaine Euphoria and Crash

14. Psychoactive Drugs  Ecstasy  MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetami ne)  stimulant and mild hallucinogen  dangerous short and long term effects  Blocks the reabsorbtion of serotonin, releases dopamine

15. Animation - Ecstasy http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/a ddiction/drugs/mouse.html

16. Psychoactive Drugs  Hallucinogens  psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input  LSD  MDMA (Ecstasy)

17. Psychoactive Drugs  LSD  lysergic acid diethylamide, also as acid  a powerful hallucinogenic drug  chemically similar to serotonin and block it  THC  the major active ingredient in marijuana  triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations  cognitive effects out last the use of the drug

18. Animation - LSD http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/a ddiction/drugs/mouse.html

19. Near-Death Experiences  Near-Death Experience  an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death  often similar to drug- induced hallucinations

20. Psychoactive Drugs

21. Trends in Drug Use

22. Perceived Marijuana Risk

23. Near-Death Experiences  Dualism  the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact  Monism  the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

24. Links Meth Ingredients – Meth Ingredients – http://www.kci.org/meth_info/sites/Riverside_County.htm Meth Epidemic – PBS Frontline Series http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/#2