1. Cellular Respiration How do all living organsims make energy?

2. Cell Respiration Warm-up- Look at the cell respiration flow chart from your notes to answer the following Name the three stages of cell respiration Where is most of the energy in cell respiration made? What stages of cell respiration require oxygen? What is the main molecule that is broken down in cell respiration?

3. Cellular Respiration Definition Process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen; made up of glycolysis, Kreb Cycle, and electron transport chain

4. Cellular Respiration process by which glucose is broken down by cells in order to obtain cellular energy (ATP) We get the glucose from food. Which molecule is the main source? Two Types of Respiration When Oxygen is used= AEROBIC RESPIRATION When Oxygen is not used= ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

5. Science Name for Energy ATP- usable high energy Adenosine Triphosphate

6. Equation for Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O+ 36-38 ATP Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide+ water+ 36-38 ATP

7. How Do We Generate this Energy? Three Steps: Step 1: Glycolysis Step 2: Kreb Cycle Step 3: Electron Transfer Chain (Chemiosmosis)

8. Making Energy Happens In Steps

9. Where Does this Process Happen? Cytoplasm- Stage 1 Mitochondria- Stage 2 and 3

10. STAGE 1 : GLYCOLYSIS: SPLITTING OF GLUCOSE GOAL? GLUCOSE IS BROKEN INTO TWO PARTS TO EXTRACT SOME ENERGY OXYGEN IS NOT REQUIRED FOR THIS STAGE WHERE? CYTOPLASM RESULTS: 2 PYRUVIC ACID (NOT USABLE) 2 ATP (USABLE) 2 NADH 2 (NOT USABLE)

11. Glycolysis http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_wo rks.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_wo rks.html Watch the animation and discuss with your neighbor what you saw happen to glucose and how much energy was formed

12. Copy and paste this link to view stage one http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/B iology/Bio231/glycolysis.html

13. The Kreb Cycle http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs_cy cle_works__quiz_1_.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs_cy cle_works__quiz_1_.html Watch the animation and discuss with your neighbor what you saw happen to pyruvic acid and how much energy was formed. How much of the energy can directly be used by cells? Can not directly be used?

14. STAGE 2: KREB CYCLE GOAL: EXTRACT MORE ENERGY. PYRUVIC ACID FURTHER BREAKS DOWN WHERE: MITOCHONDRIA CONDITIONS: OXYGEN MUST BE PRESENT RESULTS: 2ATP 4 NADH 2 ( UNUSABLE) 1 FADH 2 (UNUSABLE) Note: Organisms that do not use oxygen DO NOT go through stage 2 OR 3 CO 2 is released in this stage!!

15. STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN- Oxidative Phosphorylation GOAL: ALL OF NADH 2 AND FADH 2 ARE CONVERTED TO ATP  FINALLY HAVE A LOT OF USABLE ENERGY 36 MOLECULES OF ATP WHERE: INNER MITOCHONDRIA MEMBRANE CONDITIONS: OXYGEN IS REQUIRED

16. The Electron Transport Chain http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ chapter25/animation__electron_transport_ system_and_formation_of_atp__quiz_2_.h tmlhttp://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/ chapter25/animation__electron_transport_ system_and_formation_of_atp__quiz_2_.h tml Discuss with your neighbor oxygen is important in this stage of cellular respiration, and what happens to all the NADH and FADH’s

17. OVERALL CHEMICAL EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O+ 36-38 ATP glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide water 36-38 ATP

18. WHEN OXYGEN IS NOT PRESENT (ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION) CALLED FERMENTATION ONLY STAGE 1(GLYCOLYSIS) OCCURS GET 2 ATP MOLECULES GLUCOSE  2 LACTIC ACID+ 2 CARBON + 2 ATP DIOXIDE Or Glucose  2 ethanol + 2 carbon dioxide+ 2 ATP SOME BACTERIA AND YEAST GET ENERGY FROM THIS PROCESS

19. Do we (humans)ever go through anaerobic respiration? Yes When we have high demands for oxygen and can not meet that demand (oxygen debt like during vigorous exercise) our body will also use anaerobic respiration to make ATP Results in a build up of lactic acid in our muscle cells-  sore muscles after working out

20. Lactic Acid Fermentation

21. Ethanol Fermentation

22. Fill in the Flow Chart