1. Maps and Images for McKay 8e A History of Western Society Chapter 19 The Expansion of Europe in the Eighteenth Century Cover Slide Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

2. "Taking of Quebec City" The French successfully defended their capital from British attack in 1690 and again in 1711. But, as this anonymous color line engraving A View of the Taking of Quebec, September 13, 1759 shows, British troops landed, scaled the cliffs in the dead of the night, and defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham above Quebec. The battle gave Britain a decisive victory in the long struggle for empire in North America. (Courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto) "Taking of Quebec City" Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

3. Caribbean Sugar Mill This painting, from William Clark's Ten Views in the Island of Antigua, 1823, depicts a Caribbean windmill crushing sugar cane whose juice is boiled down in the smoking building next door. (British Library) Caribbean Sugar Mill Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

4. Forming the Mexican People This painting by an unknown eighteenth-century artist presents a naive but sympathetic view of interracial unions and marriages in colonial Mexico. On the left, the union of a Spanish man and a Native American woman has produced a racially mixed mestizo. The handsome group on the right features a mestizo woman and a Spaniard with their little daughter. (Private Collection) Forming the Mexican People Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

5. Selective breeding "Selective breeding" meant bigger livestock and more meat on English tables. This engraving depicts a gigantic champion, one of the new improved shorthorn breed, known as the Newbus Ox. Such great fat beasts were pictured in the press and praised by poets. (Institute of Agricultural History and Museum of English Rural Life, University of Reading) Selective breeding Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6. Slave ship This drawing from a parliamentary report on slavery shows that the revolting conditions on slave ships sailing to Caribbean and North American ports pale in barbarity beside conditions on the southern route to Brazil, where slaves were literally packed like sardines in a can. Slave ship Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

7. Map: English and French in North America, ca. 1700 English and French in North America, ca. 1700 By 1700 a veritable ring of French-claimed territory encircled the coastal colonies of England. English-claimed areas, however, were more densely settled and more economically viable. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.) Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

8. Map: European Claims in North America Before and After the Seven Years' War European Claims in North America Before and After the Seven Years' War France lost its vast claims in North America, though the British government then prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains in 1763. The British had raised taxes on themselves and the colonists to pay for the war, and they wanted to avoid costly conflicts with native Americans living in the newly conquered territory. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.) Copyright ©Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9. Map: The Atlantic Economy The Atlantic Economy By 1700 the volume of maritime exchanges among the Atlantic continents had begun to rival the trade of the Indian Ocean basin. Notice the trade in consumer products, slave labor, precious metals, and other goods. A silver trade to East Asia laid the basis for a Pacific Ocean economy. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.