2. MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS POINT FAILURES CAN PARALYZE AN ENTIRE CITY Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

3. MEGACITIES DEPEND ON UTILITY SYSTEMS DAMAGE TO A UTILITY CORRIDOR WILL CAUSE WIDESPREAD OUTAGES OF POWER, GAS, WATER, AND WASTE CENTERS LASTING HOURS TO MONTHS WITH LOSSES IN THE MILLIONS.

4. MEGACITIES DEPEND ON TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS DAMAGE TO ONE SPAN OF THE BAY BRIDGE DISRUPTED THE LIVES OF MILLIONS AND DISRUPTED MANY BUSINESSES.

5. FIRE CAN PARALYZE A MEGACITY

6. QUESTION What is a MEGACITY and what makes it vulnerable to natural hazards?

7. QUESTION Can we reduce the vulner- abilities in a megacity’s built environment to natural hazards

8. MEGACITIES IN 1900 WORLD POPULATION:1.6 BILLION TOKYO: 21.9 M NEW YORK: 15.6 M MEXICO CITY: 13.9 M SAO PAULO: 12.5 M SHANGHAI: 11.7 TOKYO: 21.9 M NEW YORK: 15.6 M MEXICO CITY: 13.9 M SAO PAULO: 12.5 M SHANGHAI: 11.7 OSAKA: 10.0 M BUENOS AIRES: 9.9 M LOS ANGELES: 9.5 M CALCUTA 9.0 M BEIJING 9.0 M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01 OSAKA: 10.0 M BUENOS AIRES: 9.9 M LOS ANGELES: 9.5 M CALCUTA 9.0 M BEIJING 9.0 M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01

9. MEGACITIES IN 2000 WORLD POPULATION:6 BILLION TOKYO: 25.4 M BOMBAY: 18.6 M MEXICO CITY: 18.3 M SAO PAULO: 18.0 M NEW YORK: 16.7 M TOKYO: 25.4 M BOMBAY: 18.6 M MEXICO CITY: 18.3 M SAO PAULO: 18.0 M NEW YORK: 16.7 M LAGOS: 14.1 M CALCUTA 13.2 M LOS ANGELES: 13.2 M SHANGHAI: 13.0 M BUENOS AIRES: 12.7 M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01 LAGOS: 14.1 M CALCUTA 13.2 M LOS ANGELES: 13.2 M SHANGHAI: 13.0 M BUENOS AIRES: 12.7 M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01

10. MEGACITIES IN 2020 WORLD POPULATION: 10 BILLION (est) BOMBAY: 28.5 M TOKYO: 27.3 M LAGOS: 26.5 M DHAKA: 24.0 M KARACHI: 21.7 M BOMBAY: 28.5 M TOKYO: 27.3 M LAGOS: 26.5 M DHAKA: 24.0 M KARACHI: 21.7 M SAO PAULO: 21.3 M MEXICO CITY: 19.6 M JAKARTA: 19.4 CALCUTA 18.8 M NEW DEHLI: 18:R M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01 SAO PAULO: 21.3 M MEXICO CITY: 19.6 M JAKARTA: 19.4 CALCUTA 18.8 M NEW DEHLI: 18:R M SOURCE: THE POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01

11. TOKYO: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

12. CAIRO: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

13. ISTHANBUL: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

14. QUESTION Can we reduce the vulnerabilities of megacities to the disaster agents of natural hazards?

15. WHAT HISTORY TEACHES CITIES AND MEGACITIES EXIST BY GEOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND ATMOSPHERIC CONSENT, WHICH CAN BE WITHDRAWN WITHOUT NOTICE.

16. MEGACITIES FACE THE INEVITABLE EARTHQUAKES FLOODS SEVERE WINDSTORMS LANDSLIDES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS WILDFIRES TSUNAMIS DROUGHTS EARTHQUAKES FLOODS SEVERE WINDSTORMS LANDSLIDES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS WILDFIRES TSUNAMIS DROUGHTS

17. INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS NATURAL HAZARDS, GENERATE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS WHICH CREATE RISK TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THE CHOICE: REDUCE UNACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK. NATURAL HAZARDS, GENERATE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS WHICH CREATE RISK TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. THE CHOICE: REDUCE UNACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK.

18. INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS UNACCEPTABLE RISK CALLS FOR POLICIES TO REDUCE VULNERABILITIES. VULNERABILITIES REFLECT POLICY FLAWS INVOLVING PLANNING, SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION.

19. INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS PROTECTION, PREVENTION, EARLY WARNING, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY, THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEASURES, TAKE TIME.

23. MEGACITYMEGACITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS NAT. HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON PROTECTION PREPAREDNESS EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION DISASTER RESILIENCE