1. Chapter 10
Outlining the Speech

2. Introduction
“What might happen if you tried to build a house without a blue print?”
Two types of Outlines:
Preparation Outline – very detailed used in planning stages
Speaking Outline – very brief used for speaking

3. The Preparation Outline
A Detailed outline developed during the speech development process
It should include:
Title, Specific purpose, Central Idea, Introduction, Main points, Sub points, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography

4. 8 Guidelines for Preparation Outline
State the Specific Purpose of your speech
Should be separate from the text of the outline itself
This makes it easier to see if you kept your speech in line with your purpose
Identify the Central Idea
I would like this presented in the same way as above
The same benefits will be derived

5. 8 Guidelines for Preparation Outline
Label the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
Labels will ensure that you don’t miss (forget) them
The labels are not within the alphanumerical pattern of the outline

6. 8 Guidelines for Preparation Outline
Use a Consistent Pattern of Symbolization and Indentation
Frankly, MS word takes care of this
Start with capital Roman numerals
The visual framework of the outline enables efficient processing of the relationships between ideas
Just remember, all points in the same hierarchical level should support the level immediately preceding it

7. 8 Guidelines for Preparation Outline
State main points and sub points in full sentences
A skimpy preparation outline is worthless
Label Transitions, Internal Summaries and Internal Previews
These are not located within the formal structure of the outline
These labels simply ensure that the parts are in your speech
Give your speech a title
Brief, attract attention and encapsulate the main thrust of your speech

8. Speaking Outline
A brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech
It should be a condensed version of the preparation outline –with only brief words or phrases, specific quotes or stats
Will also include delivery cues, not found in the preparation outline

9. 4 Guidelines for the Speaking Outline
Follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline
Make sure the outline is plainly legible –helps with eye contact
Keep them as brief as possible –again eye contact
Don’t use notes as a crutch
Give yourself cues for delivery

10. Chapter 11
Using Language

11. Introduction Why do we use language? What does it enable us to do?
Pictionary –Concrete to Abstract words

12. Language is Important Good speakers respect language and how it works
Good/Well; Fewer/Less; irregardless/regardless; like, you know, etc.
These things detract from your speech
Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary
Dude, Bootylicious / English - “badass” and “Blairism”
Words do not mirror reality
The choice of words can greatly impact the meaning drawn from a speech

13. Meanings of Words Two Types
Denotative – The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase
Connotative – The meanings suggested by associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase
Give words intensity and emotional power
Book Example (258)
When should one be used versus the other?
Rally around the flag? What is your goal?

14. Using Language Accurately
Sometimes inaccuracy results from a misguided attempt to sound elegant
“Goonies”
Don’t use a word unless you are sure of its meaning
Use a thesaurus

15. Using language clearly
HCL and Plumber
The efficacy of hydrochloric acid is indisputable, but the corrosive effect is incompatible with metallic permanence
We cannot assume responsibility for the production of toxic and noxious residue with hydrochloric acid and suggest you use an alternative procedure
Don’t use hydrochloric acid. It eats holes in pipes

16. Using language clearly
Use familiar words
Choose concrete over abstract
Concrete – words that refer to tangible objects
Abstract – words that refer to ideas or concepts
Eliminate clutter
Brevity is best

17. Using Language Vividly
Imagery
The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions or ideas
Many strategies to enhance imagery
Concrete words
Simile – comparing with “like” or “as”
Metaphor –comparing without using “like” or “as”
Mixed metaphor –combines two or more incompatible or illogical comparisons
Rhythm
Parallelism –similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases or sentences
Repetition –reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning of a set of phrases
Alliteration –repetition of initial consonant sounds of close or adjoining words
Antithesis –contrasting ideas in a parallel structure

18. Using Language Appropriately
Appropriateness to:
The occasion
The audience
The topic
The speaker

19. Nonsexist Language
Language that does not stereotype people on the basis of gender
Avoid:
“he” or “she”
“man” when referring to both men and women
Stereotyping jobs and roles by gender
Unnecessary or patronizing gender labels “lady judge”
Stereotype –A widely held, over-simplified opinion or image