2. Cellular Respiration Process that involves oxygen and breaks down food molecules to release energy. Anaerobic respiration- without O 2. Aerobic respiration- with O 2. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy (ATP)

3. Cellular Respiration Three parts: 1> Glycolysis: a series of chemical reactions that produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. 2> Kreb’s cycle: a series of chemical reactions using pyruvic acid to produce ATP and two types of reduced molecules. 3>Electron Transport Chain: the process of extracting ATP from NADH and FADH 2

4. Cellular Respiration Organic Compounds Glycolysis Fermentation (anaerobic) Oxygen absent Aerobic respiration Oxygen present

5. Glycolysis (cytoplasm) Decomposition of glucose to pyruvate Nine intermediate products are formed Each rxn is catalyzed by an enzyme Summarized steps: 1) 2 ATP are added 2) 2 NADH are produced 3) 4 ATP are produced 4) 2 pyruvate are formed

6. Krebs Cycle (mitochondria) Other names: Citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle Summarized steps Pyruvate to acetyl-CoA Produced: 1 NADH and 1 CO 2 Krebs Cycle Produced: 3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, 1 ATP, 2 CO 2

7. Oxidative Phosphorylation Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Inner membrane of the mitochondria Electrons from NADH and FADH 2 are passed along the ETC Electrons are passed from one carrier protein to another along the chain, losing energy at each step. Cytochromes and various other proteins participate as carrier proteins in the chain Cytochrome c Final electron acceptor is Oxygen

8. Fermentation Two common types Lactic Acid Fermentation Production of lactic acid from pyruvic acid Alcohol Fermentation Production of ethyl alcohol from pyruvic acid >No ATP production. >Regenerate NAD+, keeps glycolysis going to make more ATP.

9. Lactic Acid Fermentation Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C Lactic Acid C-C-C NADH + H NAD+

10. Alcoholic Fermentation Glucose C-C-C-C-C-C Glycolysis Pyruvic acid 2-carbon compound C-C-C CO 2 Ethyl Alcohol NADH + H + NAD+ C-C