1. A Foray Into Grade 9 and 10 Science
MATTER
A Foray Into Grade 9 and 10 Science

2. Classification of Matter

3. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space.
All matter has properties that can be studied by observation
Matter is made up of ATOMS
Matter can be divided into Pure Substances and Mixtures

4. Pure Substances
Cannot be separated into two or more substances by physical or mechanical means
It has uniform composition throughout the whole sample
Its properties are constant throughout the whole sample
It has constant chemical composition

5. Pure Substances There are two types of pure substances:
ELEMENT: A substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
COMPOUND: A substance formed by the reaction of two or more chemical elements. The elements in a compound are present in fixed ratios.

6. Mixtures
Composed of two or more substances, but each keeps its original properties.
There are two kinds of mixtures: Homogenous and Heterogeneous

7. Homogenous Mixtures
A mixture which has uniform composition and properties throughout.
EXAMPLE: a Kool-Aid stirred into a glass of water will form a homogeneous mixture

8. Solutions
Mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never settles out
SOLUTE: the solid
SOLVENT: the liquid
EXAMPLE: Again…Kool-Aid

9. Heterogeneous Mixtures
A mixture that does not have uniform composition and properties throughout
EXAMPLE: this lovely bowl of soup.

10. Heterogeneous Mixtures
There are three types of heterogeneous mixtures, Mechanical Mixtures, Suspensions and Colloids

11. Mechanical Mixtures
Mixtures whose components can be separated by mechanical means

12. Suspensions
A heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of solvent-like phase some time after their introduction

13. Colloids
A heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles do not settle out.
Milk is a colloid because the fat globules aren't completely dissolved in the fluid of the milk

14. Properties of Matter There are two properties of matter:
PHYSICAL: Characteristics of a substance that help to identify it
CHEMICAL: How does a substance react when changed into a new substance

15. Physical Properties STATE: gas, liquid or solid COLOUR
SOLUBILITY: ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent
MALLEABILITY: ability of a solid to be bent
VISCOSITY: how easily a liquid flows

16. Physical Properties FREEZING POINT MELTING POINT
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
TEXTURE: rough, smooth or soft
HARDNESS
DENSITY: how compact a substance is

17. Chemical Properties COMBUSTIBILIY: will it burn or is it non-flammable
REACTION WITH ACID: will it bubble and disappear or will it do nothing

18. Chemical Change? How do you know if a new substance is formed?
Change in colour.
Gas production. (e.g. bubbles)
Solid production (e.g. PRECIPITATE in liquid)
Energy production (e.g. light, heat or sound)