1. By: David N. Sutton

3. Why Three ?  We experience three dimensions because points in space are aligned in three directions from any reference.  I will illustrate space is made of points with energy and information that at the current time allows the standard model to exist.

4. We all Spin  Points in space as do all sub-quantum enigmas, (quantum) sub-atomic particles, atoms, molecules, planets, stars, black holes and galaxies contain spin properties.

5. Three Spins  I will illustrate how space is made of points that not only contain spin, they contain 3 spins, this is the reason our world has three dimensional space at any one point in time.

6. Do Points in Space Have Size?  To understand three dimensions we must understand not only one, two three and four dimensions we must understand NONE.  So we will start with a point in our four dimensional space.

7. Cartesian Points  An example of a Cartesian point would be the center of anything, we will use a yardstick as an example.  Spin the yardstick and its entirety is spinning.  But is the Cartesian point at its center spinning?

8. Cartesian Points  YES, a point in space given a spin would change a Cartesian point to a point with virtually three dimensions.  Two spatial and one temporal.  It would have no kinetic energy if it weren’t for time.  A spatially dimensionless point exists because time exists.

9. An Example  To understand this concept imagine a spinning top or gyroscope, it would have a size, center, axis, rotor and direction.  Now imagine reducing the size (three dimensions) down to virtually no size.

10.  If the virtual gyroscope is reduced to a Cartesian point its spin or angular momentum would be reduced from kinetic energy to potential energy.  Time could there fore be described as quanta of a singluar points change in state or energy. A Cartesian PointsEnergy

11. Do Points in Space Have Size?  Quantum mechanics assigns minimal quantities or values to length, area, volume and time. Planck Values.  Given our point is in four dimensional space we will start with Planck volume.

12.  Illustration 1 shows planck volume as a cube, its axis, spin (energy or vector) and a quantum point cylinder ‘Field of spin’ created by a points spin. Quantum vs Cartesian Points

13. Illustration 1 A Quantum Point

14. The Quantum Line  If our quantum points are stacked end to end a line is formed.  If the axis of the points were aligned it would be stable and possibly self aligning.

15. The Quantum Line  Both longitudinal and tranverse waves can be transmitted down the line because it does have a diameter but it is sub-quantum.  It would occupy one of our dimensions because energy can only travel up or down the quantum line.

16. The Quantum Line  A quantum line may also contain one facet of electro-magnetism/weak force and the strong force.  Quantum points have no closed structure causing quantum lines to have infinite length.

17. The Quantum Line  Quantum lines would not have been created by the ‘Big Bang’ because they are not capable of the expansion found in our Universe.  Illustration 2 shows a Planck volume cube, and a quantum point cylinder ‘Field of spin’ and a ‘force carrying’ one dimensional line.

18. Illustration 2 A Quantum Line

19. Two Spins Two Dimensions?  If a point also spins in a perpendicular direction two quantum lines or dimensions could intersect at a single quantum point.  But not at a cartesian point.  The 2 dimensional quantum point would now have a closed shape, surface area and a volume.

20. Two Spins Two Dimensions?  This allows it to exist in three dimensions Its shape is that of a bicylinder steinmetzor solid, but it is actually an energy field.  See illustration 3  This results in the creation of a plane that would be self contained, self sustaining and cohesive.

21. Illustration 3 2D Quantum Point

22. Two Spins Two Dimensions?  A point in our 2D quantum plane bicylinder surface area is of less than planck area ℓ 2 P and a total volume is that of planck volume ℓ 3 P only when radiating, (more on entropy later).  Having a maximum thickness of planck length (ℓ P ) it is a virtual plane without outside influences.

23. Two Spins, Two Dimensions?  In two dimensions it continues from the ‘Big Bang’ to its limits of space/times current expansion.  The outer limits of the ‘Big Bang’ must contain a skin of two dimensional quantum points.

24. Three Spins, Three Dimensions?  If a point also spins in a third direction perpendicularly at the same time a third line results.  This line extended out to a plane creates our three dimensional Universe.

25. Three Spins, Three Dimensions?  I will disect a 3D quantum point (3Dq) to better describe the intersection of three quantum lines.  Illustration 4 shows three quantum lines intersecting perpendicularly and the resulting maximum shape or field.

26. Illustration 4 3D Quantum Point

27. 3Dq  3Dq in space can only stack perpendicularly limiting our universe to our three dimensions.  3Dq are virtual with only potential energy until motion (wave), charge, colour, spin, allows all energy/mass to travel in anyone of our three dimensions.

28. Math of a 3Dq  My mathematic examination of 3Dq.  I will start back at the beginning a quantum point.  A quantum point must fit into a quantum volume.  Half planck length would be the maximum radius of its spin field.

29. More Math  A point in a plane would twin spin with a surface area of (½ lp 2) 16.  A twin spins volume would be (½ lp 3 ) 16/3.  Being a bi-cylnder it can only align in two directions.  Side have two opposite vertices where a cartesian point of contact exists with the next 2.

30. 3Dq Maximum Sizes  A points spins 3lp’s volume would be (16-8 √2)lp 3.  This is the maximum volume not the size of the intersection of three lines, otherwise a points dimensions would not fit in a planck volume cube, (making it quantifiable).

31. 3Dq Maximum Sizes  The ratio of the tricylinder volume to a cube would be 2 √2.  The ratio of approximately 1:.585786 is only the maximum tricylinder size to a cube of planck volume.  This ratio now represents from cartesian space 0 volume to a maximum of 2 √2, to a radiation maximum of plank volume.

32. Does Spin Require Time?  The quantum tricylinder field is just one property of space, the quantum volume is a cube because entropy from waves traveling through the quantum point rediates energy till it intersects with other points.  In our three dimensional world that shape is a cube.  Unless disproportionate energy warps it.

33. Do 3Dq Have Contact Points?  The tangent planes for each of 3Dq sides has two opposite vertices like the 2Dq.  This creates six cartesian points of contact unless 3Dq’s don’t contact each other at a single point.

34. Entropy  Another effect of entropy on a quantum point in space would be the expansion of SpaceTime.  The speed of light and the speed of time would seem to crawl from point to point, measuable frequencies and every know energy and thier properties would have to be combined or multiplied to effect points in space.

35. Universal Resonance?  Quantum points in space can store the entropy of intersecting forces like a tuning fork until 3 or more forces retune the point.  This could explain the ‘spooky effect’.  This information and/or histories may be harmonic, holographic or amorphous.

36. One for all and Three in one  We experience three dimensions because time/gravity/relativity or the Higgs field as well as electromagnetic/, weak and the strong forces all intersect in three dimensions at one sub-quantun point.  And fields of spin and thier entropy transports the standard models properties and limits our movements.

37. By : David N. Sutton The End (or a new beginning to understanding) Why There are Three Physical/Spatial Dimensions