1. Text Structure How Information Is Arranged NONFICTION

2. Non-Fiction Text Structures Description Sequence Problem/Solution Cause/Effect Compare/Contrast Gives details about something, someone, or someplace Presents the step-by-step events in a process Identifies a problem and possible solutions Explains how something occurred as a result of something else Explains how things are similar or different Chronological Arranges events over a period of time

3. Non-Fiction Text Structure Description Signal Words For example For Instance Characteristics include Specifically In addition to

4. Non-Fiction Text Structure Description The Super Bowl Two Conference winners People throw parties February 7 Huge Advertising money Most Watched Sporting Event Broadcast in 34 languages Gives details about something, someone, or someplace The Super Bowl

5. Non-Fiction Text Structure Sequence 1 5 4 3 2 Signal Words Before, To start, In the beginning, First,During, After, Finally Then, Last, Later In the middle, In the end

6. Non-Fiction Text Structure Sequence Get Bread Spread jelly on Slice One Spread Peanut Butter on Slice Two Eat Join both pieces of bread 1 5 4 3 2 Presents the step-by-step events in a process Making A Peanut Butter And Jelly Sandwich

7. Non-Fiction Text Structure Problem/Solution OR Signal Words Problem, Issue, Cause, As a result, Because of, Leads to Due to, Solve, So, Consequently, Since

8. Non-Fiction Text Structure Problem/Solution Neighbor’s dog continues to bark Spray with hose OR Identifies a problem and possible solutions Barking Dog Problem

9. Non-Fiction Text Structure Cause and Effect CAUSE Effect EFFECT Cause Signal Words Since, Because, If, Due to, As a result of, So, Then, Leads to, Consequently, Cause, Reason, Long-term,

10. Non-Fiction Text Structure Cause and Effect Prejudice Fights Hurt Feelings Wars Equality Courtesy Respect Humility Explains how something occurred as a result of something else

11. Non-Fiction Text Structure Compare/Contrast Signal Words Similar, Alike, Same, Just like In Common, Both, Different, Unlike, In Contrast, On the other hand

12. Non-Fiction Text Structure Compare/Contrast Male Teenagers No Parents Neighborhood Danger f Females Full Family Dynamic Camp Danger Overcome Obstacles Internal Conflict Explains how things are similar or different Ponyboy and Hannah Ponyboy Curtis Hannah Stern

13. Non-Fiction Text Structure Chronological Signal Words First, Second, Initially, Preceding, Next, Then, When, After, Before, Finally On (date)

14. Non-Fiction Text Structure Chronological Arranges events over a period of time Semester One of English 8 September 2015 Began the year Read First Fiction – “Flowers for Algernon” October – Began The Outsiders Then Read The Devil’s Arithmetic February 2016 begin science fiction novel Exams end the semester

15. Text Structure Signal Questions Problem / Solution 1. What is the problem? 2.Why is this a problem? 3.What can be done to solve it? Sequence 1. What steps are listed? 2. Do they always happen in this order? 3. What is the final result? Description 1. What topic is being explained? 2. How is it being described? What is 3. important to remember about it? Cause and Effect 1. What happened? 2. Why did it happen? 3. What caused it to happen? Compare / Contrast 1. What things are being compared? 2.In what ways are they alike? 3.In what ways are they different? Chronology 1. What is the subject being discussed? 2. What events took place? 3. In what order did the events happen?

16. Non-Fiction Text Structure Does this make sense? Let’s See!

18. What goes in each box? 1.Name of Structure 2.Definition 3.Graphic Organizer Example 4.Signal Words 5.Signal Questions 6.Creativity