1. EDU 153 Special Considerations for Menu Planning ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

2. Special Considerations for Menu Planning Children with disabilities and other special needs –Individual accommodations may be necessary –Some children have issues with textures and consistencies –Special diets for certain conditions ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

3. Special Considerations for Menu Planning Children with religious beliefs that affect menu planning –Jewish kosher diet –Muslim halal diet –Hindu diet –Buddist diet –Seventh-Day Adventist diet –Mormon health code ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

4. Jewish Kosher Diet The list of prohibited foods includes: Pork Shellfish Certain combinations of food, such as dairy foods and meat eaten at the same time ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

5. Jewish Kosher Diet Religious laws regulate: How animals are to be slaughtered How foods are to be prepared When foods can be eaten Specific dietary laws are in place during religious observances, such as Passover. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

6. Muslim Halal Diet ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Allowed foods (halal) include: Meats from animals slaughtered according to procedures dictated by the religion Marine animals and seafood Dairy products Grains and grain products such as cereals and rice Vegetables Fruits

7. Muslim Halal Diet Prohibited foods (haram) include: Pork and pork by-products such as bacon or sausage Animal fats or gelatin (no lard or Jello) Birds of prey Fasting and specific dietary laws occur during special religious observances, such as Ramadan. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

8. Hindu Diet Emphasizes vegetarianism, but not all Hindus are strict vegetarians Dairy products may be eaten. No beef or pork, but chicken, fish, or eggs Fruits, nuts, vegetables, and whole grains are the most desirable foods. Leftover, stale, or overripe food is considered impure. Strict Hindus do not eat garlic, onions, mushrooms, or hot and spicy foods, and do not imbibe in caffeine or alcohol. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

9. Buddhist Diet Most follow a vegetarian diet. Many do not eat dairy products, whereas others are lacto-ovo vegetarians. Those who do eat meat do not eat beef. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

10. Seventh-Day Adventist Diet Liberal amounts of whole grain breads, cereals, and pastas Liberal amounts of fresh vegetables and fruits Low-fat dairy products such as milk, yogurt, cheese, and eggs No coffee, tea, and alcoholic beverages ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

11. The Mormon Health Code Liberal amounts of vegetables and fruits Liberal amounts of whole grains Limit amount of drinks such as caffeinated or carbonated beverages No hot drinks such as coffee or tea; no alcohol ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

12. Special Considerations for Menu Planning Children who are vegetarians –Vegan, lacto- vegetarian, ovo-vegetarian, and lacto-ovo vegetarian Which of these could eat this piece of pizza? ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

13. Food Intolerance The difference between an allergic reaction to a food and intolerance to a food involves the immune system. A child who has food intolerance has an abnormal response to a food, but it does not compromise the general health and well-being of the child. A child who is intolerant to a food can eat small amounts of it and have little or no reaction. A child with an allergy to a food has a response that is triggered from the immune system; such a reaction may bring about a serious medical condition or may be life threatening. Only about 5 percent of children have a true food allergy ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

14. Lactose Intolerance An example is lactose intolerance. Lactose is the simple sugar found in milk. When people are unable to metabolize lactose properly, they experience gastric distress such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, or vomiting. Infants who exhibit lactose intolerance are put on soy-based or lactose-free formulas. –Care should be taken when putting a child on a soy-based formula because soy is another product that children are commonly allergic to. Lactose intolerance is fairly common in the United States. –As many as 90 percent of Asian Americans –75 percent of Hispanic Americans, African Americans, and Native Americans may exhibit lactose intolerance. –This may be because many non-Caucasians do not commonly include dairy products as part of their diet. –In many cases, children grow out of their intolerance. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

15. Food Allergies Children with Food Allergies –Number of children with food allergies increasing –Common foods Peanuts, milk, eggs, wheat, tree nuts. fish, shellfish, soybeans –Children can be allergic to more than one food ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

16. Food Allergies Come from both environmental and genetic factors Risk for food allergy from diet can be prevented in several ways: –Milk or milk products should not be introduced to children before age 1 year. –Children should not have eggs until they are 2 years old. –Peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, and fish should not be a part of a child’s menu until the child is at least 3 years old and should be done so then with caution

17. Food Allergies Children with food allergies –Allergic reactions occur and can be serious –Educational site should be prepared to deal with these reactions Be prepared in advance Allergy action plan EpiPen Support allergic child by providing a safe environment ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

18. Reality Check: Peanut Allergy What would you do in an early education site to prevent risk for children allergic to peanuts? ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.