1. Reconciliation for Sri Lanka: My Perspective Thas Nirmalathas “… involves a very long and painful journey, addressing the pain and suffering of the victims, understanding the motivations of offenders, bringing together estranged communities, trying to find a path to justice, truth and, ultimately, peace. Faced with each new instance of violent conflict, new solutions must be devised that are appropriate to the particular context, history and culture in question.” Desmond Tutu

2. Bigger and Common Threats - Governance Governance and politics – Questionable status of “Democracy” – Political resolution of the conflict remains open – War may be over, yet north and east remain militarised – Political resolute of the Tamils remain strong – Government sponsored militias remain a threat to a civil society – War crimes not being investigated to deliver justice to victims – Social inclusion and disparity issues remains a major risk to its growth – Interference in judicial processes and civil order – Media neutrality – non existent – Development aid and resources subject to corruption and fraud Worldbank: map of development actvities Country requires sound governance principles and leadership in government

3. Bigger and Common Threats – Economy and Development Economy: – Youth unemployment – officially ~22% (females 30%) – Current account balance ~$4B – Public Debt ~80-85% of GDP ($59B in 2011), External Debt ~$22B – Inflation >7% – Interest rate ~9% – Moving to a heavily “dependent society”: Worldbank – “By 2036, more than 22% of the population will be over 60 and there will be 61 dependents per 100 adults.” Worldbank: map of development actvities Country requires unity and clear vision in tackling economic and development issues

4. Bigger and Common Threats - Environment Environment – A tropical island exposed to the impact of climate change – Sustainable development must be the mantra, instead, corruption and personal fraud out of aid and economic development activities thriving in the country – Already suffering adverse environmental impact deforestation; soil erosion; depletion of wildlife populations; coastal degradation; water pollution; salinity; air pollution in cities – 30 years of war and its impact on the environment Worldbank: map of development actvities Country requires sustainable development under a master plan

5. Reconciliation need to begin with… Recognising what has gone wrong Willingness to consider the difficult past Investigate war crimes and crimes against humanity Offer justice to victims Rehabilitation to offenders Remove signs of war – demilitarise, disable militias, enhance civil order, empower judicial processes and open access Use a “deep democracy” 1 principles to engage all communities and build mutual understanding Articulate a shared vision for a “common future” and the lasting peace Mindell, A. (1992). The Leader as Martial Artist: An Introduction to Deep Democracy; Techniques and Strategies for Resolving Conflict and Creating Community. SanFrancisco: HarperCollins. In the absence of a community commitment and a clear and transparent process, it can only be a “smoke screen”

6. Sri Lanka requires a shared vision for the future a long term vision that binds all communities together – Country installs an effective solution to Tamil aspirations by devolution of power and recognition of cultural heritage and boundaries – Country adopts a national transparent reconciliation and rehabilitation process and roadmap to implementation – Country removes any barriers to social inclusion through reform in education, public service and government. – Country proactively celebrates multi-cultural and multi- ethnic heritage at all levels – Country creates a multi-lingual society – Country embarks upon a 10 year Roadmap for an inclusive, prosperous and sustainable Sri Lanka Communities need to transition from “divided-at-heart” to “an empowered and united in force”

7. Reconciliation [from IDEA] Is not an excuse for impunity; only an individual process; in opposition to/an alternative to truth or justice; a quick answer; a religious concept; perfect peace; an excuse to forget; nor a matter of merely forgiving. But a process for finding a way to live that permits a vision of the future; the (re)building of relationships; coming to terms with past acts and enemies; a society-wide, long-term process of deep change; a process of acknowledging, remembering, and learning from the past; and voluntary and cannot be imposed. “Reconcilliation after a violent conflict, A handbook” International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) – 2003,