1. The Civil War

2. The Election of 1860 Four parties run candidates for President – remember that the US system depends on the willingness of the American people to accept the winner Stephen Douglas John C. Breckinridge Abraham Lincoln John Bell

3. And the winner is…..

4. South’s Reaction Angry that the president had no Southern support; thought the South and the US should no longer stay together threaten to secede

5. Confederate States of America South Carolina: seceded on Dec. 20, 1860 -Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas also secede February 7, 1861 – the seceded states create their own nation -- President: Jefferson Davis (a former US senator from Mississippi)

6. Lincoln’s Response to Secession Secession is legally void – no state may leave the Union once it has joined Southern states need to return to the Union at once

7. Fort Sumter Opening Shots of the War -- April 20, 1861 Ft. Sumter, SC – Federal Fort in Charleston Harbor -Ft. Sumter was shelled (attacked) by the Confederate forces -US troops @ the fort were forced to surrender The War Has Begun

8. North -v- South Union (North)Confederacy (South)  More Resources ($$)  More industry & transportation (RR)  More population = more soldiers  Kept border states from seceding  Not all Southerners supported secession (Southwest VA, Eastern TN, Western NC)  Generals are better trained (best generals leave US army and join CSA army)  Soldiers are more experienced with guns, horses, terrain  Soldiers are defending their own land and their liberty

9. People of the Civil War Union (North)Confederacy (South) Abraham Lincoln President of the United States during the Civil War insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States during the Civil War Ulysses S. Grant Union military commander won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed Robert E. Lee Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia Opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force Urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after Appomattox

10. People of the Civil War Union (North)Confederacy (South) Frederick Douglass Former slave who became prominent black abolitionist urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army Stonewall Jackson Confederate general who gained notoriety at the First Battle of Bull run Killed by friendly fire in Chancellorsville Harriet Beecher Stowe Abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin The book depicted life for a African-Americans under Slavery Clara Barton Nurse who helped Union soldiers on the battlefield Later formed the Red Cross