1. Report of the national experts‘ Joint Expert Group Transport Environment on the perspective of alternative fuels in Europe Conference on Future Transport Fuels 13th April 2011, Brussels Andreas Dorda

2. 2 Content  Main principles of the report  Main alternative transport fuels  Support measures

3. 3 Main principles  Diversification of transport fuels: –The use of a greater variety of primary energies will be necessary; –Different transport modes, vehicle classes and application areas require different options of energy carriers; –Different political, economic and climate conditions in the EU favour different solutions for achieving a sustainable energy and transport system.  Main criteria for alternative fuel options are: –Reduction of emissions –Energy efficiency –Security of energy supply –Economics (market potential) –Scale and volume; –Effects in other sectors –Customer acceptance

4. 4 Main principles  Biomass is a restricted resource –Biomass based transport fuels have volume limitations and should be used primarily where other energy carriers are not applicable (air and maritime transport, heavy duty vehicles, long-distance transport). –2 nd generation biofuels are important to avoid biodiversity threats and competition in land use with food production.  Technology neutrality is a very important principle.  Evaluation of fuels by well-to-wheel and life cycle assessments.  Area-wide build-up of infrastructure for new energy carriers is an important and costly prerequisite for their successful market introduction. As it fixes the transport system for decades decisions should be taken on a sound basis.

5. 5 Main principles  Neutral information by public authorities required.  Consumer needs and behaviour should guide the R&D process.  Decarbonisation of the energy and transport sector must complement each other.  For the electrification of the transport sector smart grids are necessary. ICT must secure interoperability, data handling and discrimination free access.  Controlled loading necessary to avoid grid overloading. Drawback of load levelling by V2G due to accelerated degradation and possible consumer reluctance.

6. 6 Main principles  Development of clean and energy efficient technologies are an opportunity for the European industry and can preserve and generate jobs within the EU.  A higher amount of R&D funding is necessary to change the energy system considering the whole innovation cycle. –Basic and applied research, demonstration projects, build-up of infrastructure and transport services, information campaigns or subsidies for vehicle purchase are all relevant.  There exists a trade-off between the need for long term stability of legal frame work conditions for the industry and sufficient flexibility in realigning roadmaps taking new developments into account.

7. 7 roadairwaterrail Short term option (2020) Passenger/light duty: Blends of bioethanol or biodiesel Electricity Hydrogen (fork lifts) LPG, CNG Heavy duty (city) Biodiesel blend CNG/Biomethane Electricity (hybrids) Hydrogen (buses) Heavy duty (long distance): Biodiesel blend CNG/Biomethane (dual fuel) Fossil or biofuel blends CNG (inland waterways), LNG (maritime) Electricity (ferries and near coast) Electricity Hybrid/ diesel traction mid term option (2030) (Blends of) Bioethanol or biodiesel (2 nd generation), Electricity & Hydrogen, Biomethane BtL/GtL (for long distance) Biodiesel (1 st /2 nd generation) Synthetic fuels (GtL) Biomethane Hydrogen Electricity (hybrids) Biodiesel (1 st /2 nd generation) Synthetic fuels (GtL) Biomethane/CNG Hydrogen Synthetic fuels (GtL) Biofuels (1 st /2 nd generation) APU: electricity with fuel cell Liquid biofuels, Biomethane for inland waterways, APU: electricity with fuel cell Electricity Hybrid/ diesel traction long- term option (2050) Electricity & Hydrogen from renewable energy, Biomethane (long distance vehicles), Biofuels (long distance transport out of lignocellulosic, algae or waste feedstock) BtL Biofuels (out of lignocellulosic, algae or waste feedstock) Electricity & Hydrogen from renewable energy Biomethane Biofuels (out of lignocellulosic, algae or waste feedstock) Electricity & Hydrogen from renewable energy Synthetic fuels (BtL) Biofuels (out of lignocellulosic, algae or waste feedstock) APU: electricity with fuel cell Liquid biofuels, Electricity for APU and main propulsion system by SOFC and biodiesel Electricity Main alternative transport fuels

8. 8 Support-Measures  A classification for above mentioned measures might be: a)regulatory policies for well established technologies; b)monetary incentives for the demonstration and market introduction of newly developed technologies with a potential of becoming competitive; c)taxes as a framework to drive user choice; d)spreading of tax regime; e)non monetary incentives to manage the mobility in specific zone.

9. 9 Contact MR Dr. Andreas Dorda Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology Department mobility and transport technologies Tel.: +43-1-711 62 65 31 09 andreas.dorda@bmvit.gv.at www.bmvit.at Dr. Andreas Dorda Managing Director of Austrian Agency for Alternative Propulsion Systems (A3PS) Tel.: +43-1-205 0168 101 andreas.dorda@a3ps.at www.a3ps.at