1. Circulation in the atmosphere Circulation in the Atmosphere

2. What regulates the motion of fluid particles in the ocean and atmosphere? Newton’s Law

3. Differential Heating From Equators to Poles What drives the circulation of the atmosphere?

4. Equator/Tropics Higher Latitudes surface troposphere What drives the circulation of the atmosphere?

6. Vertical view of air pressure (global convection) High Pressure Low Pressure

7. x (longitude) y (latitude) + _ Surfaces of constant pressure Horizontal view of air pressure at ocean surface Equator/Tropics Higher Latitudes High Pressure Low Pressure

9. Newton’s Law Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude x (longitude) y (latitude) u v

10. Non rotating view of Atmospheric Circulation

11. Hurricane IVAN L H H H H

12. North Hemisphere A B t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 t4t4 t5t5 F pressure F Coriolis Rate of Rotation High Pressure Low Pressure

13. Newton’s Law Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude x (longitude) y (latitude) u v

14. North Hemisphere A B t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 t4t4 t5t5 F pressure F Coriolis Rate of Rotation High PressureLow Pressure

15. Newton’s Law Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude x (longitude) y (latitude) u v

16. F pressure F Coriolis F pressure F Coriolis F pressure F Coriolis F pressure F Coriolis When this balance is reached the movement of the particles (and therefore of the flow) is called geostrophic motion

17. Newton’s Law Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude x (longitude) y (latitude) u v

18. F pressure F Coriolis 1)Particle will have the Coriolis force 90 degrees to the right 2)Particles will tend to move along line of constant pressure 3)Particles will have the high pressure on their right (same as Coriolis) Some practical rules to remember: High Pressure Low Pressure

19. Hurricane IVAN L H H H H F pressure F Coriolis

20. Vortices L F pressure F Coriolis H F pressure High Pressure System Low Pressure System

21. Important Concepts to remember: Redistribution of Heat Effects of Rotation The role of friction Conservation of angular momentum Atmosheric Circulation

22. Differential Heating From Equators to Poles

23. Non rotating view of Atmospheric Circulation High Pressure Low Pressure

24. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation, starting from a state of rest Westerlies Easterlies (Trades) Redistribution of Heat – Large scale convective Cells

25. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation, starting from a state of rest Westerlies Easterlies (Trades)

26. Circulation in the atmosphere Problem?

27. Role of Friction

28. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation, starting from a state of rest Westerlies Easterlies (Trades)

29. Circulation in the atmosphere Diagram of Atmospheric Circulation

30. Vertical view of the atmosphere and Poleward Transport of Heat Equator Pole Hadley Cell Ferrel Cell Polar Cell

31. Midlatitude Cyclones

32. Poleward Heat Transport

34. Role of Friction on synoptic scales

35. Vortices L F pressure F Coriolis H F pressure High Pressure System Low Pressure System

37. Hurricane IVAN L H H H H F pressure F Coriolis

39. L L L L L L L H HH H H H Eq. Low Subtropical High Subpolar Low Polar High

40. Rotation effects are not always important

41. Land-Sea Breeze

42. Moonsoons, a continental scale land-sea breeze

44. Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Huricanes, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget Atmosheric Circulation Part II

45. Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Huricanes, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget Atmosheric Circulation Part III

46. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation, starting from a state of rest Westerlies Easterlies (Trades)

47. Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Huricanes, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget Atmosheric Circulation Part III

48. A look at the atmospheric circulation from space http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~ov ens/loops/wxloop.cgi?wv_moll+/14d/ Advection of water vapour associated with Eastrerlies and Westerlies Strong convection over tropical region Generation of Tropical Cyclones

49. equator

50. ITCZ: Inter-Tropical Convergenze Zone

51. Midlatitude Instabilities http://www.atmos.washington.edu /~ovens/loops/wxloop.cgi?ir_centr al+/48h/3h

53. Poleward Heat Transport

54. Midlatitude Cyclones

55. Warm Front Cold Front Tropical Air Polar Air Tropical Air

56. ITCZ: Inter-Tropical Convergenze Zone Midlatitude Instabilities http://www.atmos.washington.edu /~ovens/loops/wxloop.cgi?ir_centr al+/48h/3h

57. L L L L L L L H HH H H H Eq. Low Subtropical High Subpolar Low Polar High

58. Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Tropical Cyclones, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget Atmosheric Circulation Part III

59. Tropical Cyclones Webster P.J, G. J. Holland, J. A. Curry, H.-R. Chang (2005) Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment, SCIENCE Emmanuel, K. (2004) Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years, NATURE Articles RITA http://www.atmos.wash ington.edu/~ovens/loop s/wxloop.cgi?fronts_ir_e ast+/48h/ http://www.atmos.wash ington.edu/~ovens/loop s/wxloop.cgi?fronts_ir_e ast+/48h/

60. L F pressure F Coriolis

61. Why do tropical storms intensify?

62. Vortices L F pressure F Coriolis H F pressure High Pressure System Low Pressure System

64. Tropical cyclone have an eye of anticyclonic circulation!

65. Storm Surge: sea level rises because of the low atmospheric pressure system

66. Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Tropical Cyclones, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget Atmosheric Circulation Part III

67. Vertical view of the atmosphere and Poleward Transport of Heat Equator Pole Hadley Cell Ferrel Cell Polar Cell

68. Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Tropical Cyclones, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget Atmosheric Circulation Part III

69. Radiative Budget