1. Troubleshooting Tools Kyle Broussard and Alexandra Mikolai

2. Hardware Tools

3. Broken Cables Broken cables cause permanent disconnections, not slowdowns Types of broken cables 1.Open circuit 2.Short 3.Wire map problem 4.Crosstalk 5.Noise 6.Impedance mismatch

4. Cable Testers, TDRs, and OTDRs Cable testers tell you if there’s a continuity problem or if a wire map is incorrect TDR and OTDR tell where the break in the cable is TDR = time domain Reflectometers OTDR = optical time domain reflectometers

5. Cable Certifiers Certifiers test cable to ensure it can handle its rated capacity Should use when there is a slowdown or to eliminate cabling as the problem

6. Voltage Event Recorder/ Temperature Monitor Heat and power problems can manifest as intermittent problems Use to monitor server rooms over time to detect and record issues with electricity and heat

7. Protocol Analyzers Monitor the different protocols running at different layers on the network Helps to determine slowdowns on a network by giving an idea of excess or unexpected traffic

8. Cable Strippers, Snips, and Crimpers Used to make UTP cables

9. Multimeters Test voltage, resistance and continuity Only tool to read amount of voltage on a line Used also for continuity testing if cable tester is unavailable

10. Tone Probes/Generators Used together to help locate a particular cable

11. Butt Sets Used to test whether a particular phone line is working or not

12. Punchdown Tools Put UTP wires into 66- and 110-blocks. Only used diagnostically to repunch a connection

13. Software Tools

14. Built-In Software

15. The traceroute Command

16. Trace all routers between two points Diagnose where the problem lies when unable to reach remote system Many routers block ICMP packets

17. The mtr Command

18. The ipconfig and ifconfig Commands

19. The ping and arping Commands

20. Ping Uses ICMP packets to query by IP or name Works across routers Arping Use if ping doesn’t work Uses ARP frames instead of ICMP packets ARP frames do not cross routers, can only be used within broadcast domains UNIX based systems

21. The nslookup/dig Commands

22. The hostname Command

23. The route Command

24. The nbtstat Command

25. Windows only program Should always be ran with a switch Most useful switch is –n which shows the local NetBIOS names Useful way to see what systems are on your network

26. The netstat Command

27. Third-Party Software

28. Packet Sniffer

29. Also called protocol analyzers Intercepts and logs packets Wireshark

30. Port Scanners

31. Probes ports on other systems Used to look for unintentionally opened ports Used by hackers Nmap

32. Throughput Testers

33. Measures data flow in a network Speedtest.net