1. Supplemental Figure 1. Comparison of mean Barthel index score at entry between Centenarians age groups Age at entry; 100-104 years A B Age at entry; 105-109 years YC (n=207)SSCC (n=89) SC (n=5) SC (n=58) SSC (n=262) Notes: P values were calculated using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). YC=younger centenarians; SSC=semi-supercentenarians; SC=supercentenarians. P=0.001 P=0.026

2. Ⅰ（ Independent ） Ⅱ（ Minimally or partially dependent ） Ⅲ（ Totally or very dependent ） ADL status Supplemental Figure 2. Age-Specific Kaplan-Meier Survival Plots According to Physical Functional Status Survival 1.0 0.4 0.8 0 0.6 0.2 010002000400030005000 P < 0.001 Time No. at risk 60311505 61 309 1 2 9831402 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival 1.0 0.4 0.8 0 0.6 0.2 050010002000150030002500 P = 0.008 Time No. at risk 1352 20 9 3 49101 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival 1.0 0.4 0.8 0 0.6 0.2 0400800160012002000200600100014001800 P = 0.009 Time No. at risk 2090 37 10 1 115120 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival 1.0 0.4 0.8 0 0.6 0.2 05001000200015002500 P = 0.403 Time No. at risk 710 27 3 1 114140 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival 1.0 0.4 0.8 0 0.6 0.2 050010002000150030002500 Time No. at risk 32 18 0 Ⅱ Ⅲ Survival 1.0 0.4 0.8 0 0.6 0.2 AB CD EF 100 – 101 years102 – 104 years 105 – 106 years107 – 109 years 110 years or older P = 0.415 Time No. at risk 102 11 0 0400800160012002000200600100014001800 ≥ median < median ≥ median < median Bartlel Index P = 0.057

3. Supplemental Figure 3. Longitudinal changes in disability patterns of Semi-supercentenarians (n = 35) Notes: In a subset of semi-supercentenarians (n = 35) in whom ADL status was assessed on multiple occasions at an average interval of 3.6 years, longitudinal declines in functional status were similar to the corresponding disability pattern (Figure 1, B row) obtained from cross-sectional observations. Age at examination; 100-104 years A Age at examination; 105-109 years B % %