3. What countries have colonies in North America? Britain / Spain / France Spain and France allowed their colonists very little room for self-government. Why was the British government different during this period? After the British colonies were established—distance and problems at home and with other countries prevented British leaders from keeping a close eye on their American colonies. London was over 3,000 miles away and it took almost 2 months to sail that distance across the Atlantic.

4. In time, each colonial legislature assumed broad law- making powers and learned to adapt their ideas about government to meet the local needs of their citizens. Subsequently, the British colonists in America benefitted from the lack of supervision from the government back in London. This is referred to as: ADD TO TOP OF NOTE PACKET 3-2 ______________ (def): British policy of not interfering with the political and economic affairs of the colonies in America as long as such neglect served British economic interests. In colonies, S.N. defined as the act of giving little attention to something that benefits from lack of attention. Salutary neglect

5. Another very important aspect of the “salutary neglect” of the colonies (at the time) is that the colonies recognized and respected the authority of Parliament and the King without being forced to. By the 1700s, the relationship between Britain and her American colonies had become pretty much “federal” in nature… – London was responsible for foreign affairs and the defense of the colonies. – The colonies themselves had to abide by very few regulations and paid very little to the British government in the form of direct taxes.

6. As a result, the British colonies in America prospered without much government interference. COLONIAL ECONOMIES Southern Colonies: Based on growing __________ (def): Agricultural products that are in constant demand. Southern Colonies: Based on growing __________ (def): Agricultural products that are in constant demand. – Because of the rich, fertile soil and ideal climate, the Southern Colonies enjoyed an extremely prosperous agricultural economy. staple crops staple crops

7. Upper South (Colonies of _________, __________and ______________): __________ was a major crop. – By 1770, almost 85 million pounds of tobacco were exported each year. South Carolina Georgia rice indigo Lower South (Colonies of South Carolina and Georgia) the warm and wet coastal regions were ideal for the production of rice and indigo—major crops. – By 1770, almost 80 million pounds of rice were exported each year. Indigo blue dye Indigo (def): Plant used in making blue dye for cloth. Beef pork Beef and pork also became key exports of the Southern Colonies. Cotton not huge until what? Cotton not huge until what? Maryland Maryland Virginia Virginia North Carolina TOBACCO

8. Middle Colonies: Economy based on a mixture of ________ and _________. Along the Delaware and Hudson Rivers, the rich and fertile soils made _______ farming very profitable and the area became known as the “______ ________.” Commerce also important—N.Y. and Philadelphia (biggest cities) home to growing number of merchants, craftsmen, traders—ships from all over the Atlantic World pour steadily into the port cities of the Middle Colonies. farmingcommerce wheat Bread Basket

9. New England Colonies: Why would agriculture not be an important part of the New England economies? (some small, individual farms) – Poor soils, short summers and long winters (insufficient growing seasons)-- – Instead, merchants carried goods and the crops of other colonies to other various markets. Economy was based on _______________ (def): Trade between 3 points in the Atlantic World— 1) _________ 2) _______ 3) _______ triangular trade AmericasEuropeAfrica

10. New England merchants carried china, books, and cloth from England to the West Indies, where they would pick up sugar and transport it back to New England (where it was usually distilled into rum). They would then trade firearms and rum for slaves in West Africa and carried the slaves back to the West Indies for more sugar.

12. As colonial trade increased and the economy expanded, the demand for labor increased as well. African slaves supplied the majority of labor on colonial ____ and ________ plantations. ricetobacco

13. 1672: The ______ ______ Company was formed by England to transport slaves from Africa. The status of slaves varied throughout the colonies. Some Africans were actually classified as indentured servants, but were treated very different from white indentured servants. Royal Africa

14. Three types of slaves in the colonies: 1._______ _________ 2._______ _________ 3.______ _______ Skilled workers House servants Field hands

15. The Slave Codes of each colony varied, but for most slaves: Travel was restricted Could not possess firearms Could not engage in trade Violence towards whites=death Not permitted to consume alcohol Could not hold group meetings Were not permitted to learn to read and write Colonial law did not recognize marriage between slaves. Families were easily broken apart by trade or auction— bonds between fellow slaves often strong

16. Laws restricting the travel of slaves made slave _______ very difficult, but some did take place:  1739 in Charleston, South Carolina, several dozen slaves killed more than 20 whites in what is known as the ______ Rebellion.  1839: 53 captured Africans being transported to Cuba killed the crew of the ship, the _________, and captured the vessel—the incident led to a landmark Supreme Court case. Attempting to return to Africa, the slaves were captured off the coast of Connecticut and charged with piracy and murder—the S.C. ruled they had been illegally captured and they were returned to Africa. Stono revolts Amistad

17. The relatively few slave revolts never slowed the ________ ________ (def): The journey that brought slaves from Africa to America. Middle Passage